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Glycoconjugates --- Microorganisms --- Glycocalyx --- Physiology --- Adhesins, Bacterial --- Bacterial Adhesion --- Glycosylation --- Metabolism --- Bacterial Processes --- Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins --- Antigens, Bacterial --- Organic Chemistry Processes --- Metabolic Phenomena --- Carbohydrate Metabolism --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Cell Membrane Structures --- Bacterial Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Processes --- Microbiological Processes --- Bacterial Proteins --- Biochemical Processes --- Antigens --- Organic Chemistry Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Cell Membrane --- Phenomena and Processes --- Membrane Proteins --- Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Cellular Structures --- Biological Factors --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Cells --- Anatomy --- Organic Chemistry --- Animal Biochemistry --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Chemistry --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Adhesion --- Carbohydrates. --- Adhesion. --- Microbial adhesion --- Carbs (Carbohydrates) --- Chemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Carbohydrate Chemistry. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Biomolecules --- Organic compounds --- Glycomics --- Cell adhesion --- Microbial biology --- Biology --- Microorganisms - Adhesion

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Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the lung are important contributors to pulmonary immune functions and to pulmonary development and alveolar repair mechanisms following lung injury. AECI, together with the capillary endothelium, form the extremely thin barrier between alveolar air and blood. AECII produce and metabolize the surface-tension lowering and immune-modulating surfactant and are the progentiors of AECI. A great variety of processes rely on their normal functioning, including maintenance of the alveolar barrier; innate immune defense; and processes of differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. The wide range of AEC functions is nicely reflected by the diversity of topics addressed by the four review and eight original articles contained in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Beyond the broad spectrum of topics, the authors of this issue also made use of an impressive variety of analytical methods, thus further illustrating the fascinating diversity of aspects related to AEC biology.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- JAM-A --- P2X7 receptor --- mouse lung --- alveolar epithelium --- bleomycin-induced lung injury --- GSK-3β --- dietary sugar --- hyperglycemia --- lung mechanics --- alveolar septal composition --- physical activity --- extracellular matrix remodeling --- high-altitude pulmonary edema --- acute mountain sickness --- oxygen diffusion limitation --- surfactant protein B --- atelectrauma --- alveolar fluid --- acinar micromechanics --- acute lung injury --- autophagy --- lysosome --- lysosomal membrane permeability --- mitochondria --- pneumocyte --- microRNA-21 --- alveolar micromechanics --- structural remodeling --- inflammatory signaling --- lung --- alveolus --- type 1 alveolar epithelial cell --- type 2 alveolar epithelial cell --- focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy --- 3D reconstruction --- carbon dioxide --- hypercapnia --- Na,K-ATPase --- endoplasmic reticulum --- sodium transport --- protein oxidation --- alveolar epithelial cells --- pulmonary fibrosis --- epithelial cell dysfunction --- stem cell exhaustion --- pneumonia --- necrotizing --- regeneration --- model --- bovine --- chlamydia --- alveoli --- air-blood barrier --- epithelium --- air-liquid interface --- alveolar lining layer --- glycocalyx --- surfactant --- lung injury --- lung regeneration

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To celebrate the publication of 20,000 articles in Applied Sciences, we launched this Special Issue “Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaching Its 20,000 Article Milestone: Feature Papers of the Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering Section”. We have invited well-known experts in different areas of interest covered in “Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering” to submit their original research papers and review articles of the highest quality in celebrating together with our readers on this special occasion. This Special Issue has collected more than 10 papers featuring important and recent developments or achievements in biosciences and bioengineering, with a special emphasis on recently discovered techniques or applications.

Technology: general issues --- Biotechnology --- biothiols --- blood plasma --- gold nanoparticles --- colorimetric probes --- chaperone system --- Hsp60 --- gastritis --- gastric dysplasia --- gastric carcinogenesis --- intestinal metaplasia --- LAMP --- Salmonella --- ISO 16140:2016 --- food-borne --- validation --- specificity --- sensitivity --- accuracy --- kit --- elderberry --- Sambucus nigra L. --- juice concentrate --- storage effect --- phenolic compounds --- berries --- anthocyanins’ stability --- polymeric color --- ABTS•+ antioxidant capacity --- endothelial glycocalyx --- inflammatory response --- fluid loading --- surgery --- post-operative --- albumin extravasation --- serum HSP90 --- gamma-delta T cells --- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia --- halophyte --- sea purslane --- minerals --- antioxidant activity --- novel ingredient --- epilepsy --- systems biology --- protein–protein interactions --- CNS --- Gibbs homology --- drug targets --- anti-epileptic drugs --- periodontitis --- inflammation --- oils --- volatile --- heart disease risk factors --- asthma --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- COPD --- epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit --- muco-microbiotic layer --- nanovesicles --- exosomes --- outer membrane vesicles --- microbiota --- spheroid --- organoid --- van der Waals force --- fluoropolymers --- adhesion --- microstamp --- extracellular vesicles --- liquid biopsy --- biomarkers --- tumor progression --- metastasis --- drug delivery --- halloysite --- nanoclay --- regenerative medicine --- tissue engineering --- wound healing --- stroke --- yoga --- balance disability --- depression --- levetiracetam --- critically ill patients --- population pharmacokinetic modeling --- simulated dosage schemes --- intensive care unit --- n/a --- anthocyanins' stability --- protein-protein interactions --- epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit

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To celebrate the publication of 20,000 articles in Applied Sciences, we launched this Special Issue “Celebrating Applied Sciences Reaching Its 20,000 Article Milestone: Feature Papers of the Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering Section”. We have invited well-known experts in different areas of interest covered in “Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering” to submit their original research papers and review articles of the highest quality in celebrating together with our readers on this special occasion. This Special Issue has collected more than 10 papers featuring important and recent developments or achievements in biosciences and bioengineering, with a special emphasis on recently discovered techniques or applications.

biothiols --- blood plasma --- gold nanoparticles --- colorimetric probes --- chaperone system --- Hsp60 --- gastritis --- gastric dysplasia --- gastric carcinogenesis --- intestinal metaplasia --- LAMP --- Salmonella --- ISO 16140:2016 --- food-borne --- validation --- specificity --- sensitivity --- accuracy --- kit --- elderberry --- Sambucus nigra L. --- juice concentrate --- storage effect --- phenolic compounds --- berries --- anthocyanins’ stability --- polymeric color --- ABTS•+ antioxidant capacity --- endothelial glycocalyx --- inflammatory response --- fluid loading --- surgery --- post-operative --- albumin extravasation --- serum HSP90 --- gamma-delta T cells --- acute lymphoblastic leukaemia --- halophyte --- sea purslane --- minerals --- antioxidant activity --- novel ingredient --- epilepsy --- systems biology --- protein–protein interactions --- CNS --- Gibbs homology --- drug targets --- anti-epileptic drugs --- periodontitis --- inflammation --- oils --- volatile --- heart disease risk factors --- asthma --- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease --- COPD --- epithelial–mesenchymal trophic unit --- muco-microbiotic layer --- nanovesicles --- exosomes --- outer membrane vesicles --- microbiota --- spheroid --- organoid --- van der Waals force --- fluoropolymers --- adhesion --- microstamp --- extracellular vesicles --- liquid biopsy --- biomarkers --- tumor progression --- metastasis --- drug delivery --- halloysite --- nanoclay --- regenerative medicine --- tissue engineering --- wound healing --- stroke --- yoga --- balance disability --- depression --- levetiracetam --- critically ill patients --- population pharmacokinetic modeling --- simulated dosage schemes --- intensive care unit --- n/a --- anthocyanins' stability --- protein-protein interactions --- epithelial-mesenchymal trophic unit