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The incidence of gluten-related disorders (GRDs) continues to increase and its global prevalence is estimated affect to 5% of the population. s. Celiac disease (CD), Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH), Gluten Ataxia (GA), wheat allergy (WA), and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) are the five major GRDs that present with a wide range of clinical manifestations. They are manifested by symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorders, as well as hematological, dermatological endocrinological, gynecological, rheumatological and nervous system. NCGS is a term that is used to describe individuals who are not affected by celiac disease or wheat allergy, yet they have intestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms related to gluten ingestion with improvement of their symptoms upon withdrawing gluten from their diet. It is believed that represents some heterogeneous groups with different subgroups characterized by different etiologies, clinical histories and clinical courses. There also appears to be an overlap between NCGS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There is a need for establishing strict criteria for diagnosing NCGS. The absence of validated biomarkers remains a significant limitation for research studies on NCGS. New evidence shows that a gluten-free diet may be beneficial for some patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as those symptoms commonly found in patients with IBS.

Medicine --- celiac disease --- children --- HLA-DQ --- prevalence --- Asia --- wheat --- gluten --- non-celiac gluten-sensitivity --- diagnosis --- dermatitis herpetiformis --- anti-tTG --- anti-DGP --- AAA --- AGA --- IL-17A --- HLA-DQB1*02 --- screening --- first-degree relatives --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- irritable bowel disease --- FODMAP --- wheat allergy --- vitamin B12 --- iron --- folic acid --- vitamin D --- long-term GFD therapy (LTGFD) --- LTGFD with good compliance (LTGFDWGC) --- anemia --- lymphoma --- IgA deficiency --- gut --- enteropathy --- gluten-free diet --- level of evidences --- gluten-related disorders --- NCGS --- self-report --- survey studies --- celiac disease --- children --- HLA-DQ --- prevalence --- Asia --- wheat --- gluten --- non-celiac gluten-sensitivity --- diagnosis --- dermatitis herpetiformis --- anti-tTG --- anti-DGP --- AAA --- AGA --- IL-17A --- HLA-DQB1*02 --- screening --- first-degree relatives --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- irritable bowel disease --- FODMAP --- wheat allergy --- vitamin B12 --- iron --- folic acid --- vitamin D --- long-term GFD therapy (LTGFD) --- LTGFD with good compliance (LTGFDWGC) --- anemia --- lymphoma --- IgA deficiency --- gut --- enteropathy --- gluten-free diet --- level of evidences --- gluten-related disorders --- NCGS --- self-report --- survey studies

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The incidence of gluten-related disorders (GRDs) continues to increase and its global prevalence is estimated affect to 5% of the population. s. Celiac disease (CD), Dermatitis Herpetiformis (DH), Gluten Ataxia (GA), wheat allergy (WA), and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) are the five major GRDs that present with a wide range of clinical manifestations. They are manifested by symptoms of gastrointestinal tract disorders, as well as hematological, dermatological endocrinological, gynecological, rheumatological and nervous system. NCGS is a term that is used to describe individuals who are not affected by celiac disease or wheat allergy, yet they have intestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms related to gluten ingestion with improvement of their symptoms upon withdrawing gluten from their diet. It is believed that represents some heterogeneous groups with different subgroups characterized by different etiologies, clinical histories and clinical courses. There also appears to be an overlap between NCGS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). There is a need for establishing strict criteria for diagnosing NCGS. The absence of validated biomarkers remains a significant limitation for research studies on NCGS. New evidence shows that a gluten-free diet may be beneficial for some patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, such as those symptoms commonly found in patients with IBS.

celiac disease --- children --- HLA-DQ --- prevalence --- Asia --- wheat --- gluten --- non-celiac gluten-sensitivity --- diagnosis --- dermatitis herpetiformis --- anti-tTG --- anti-DGP --- AAA --- AGA --- IL-17A --- HLA-DQB1*02 --- screening --- first-degree relatives --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- irritable bowel disease --- FODMAP --- wheat allergy --- vitamin B12 --- iron --- folic acid --- vitamin D --- long-term GFD therapy (LTGFD) --- LTGFD with good compliance (LTGFDWGC) --- anemia --- lymphoma --- IgA deficiency --- gut --- enteropathy --- gluten-free diet --- level of evidences --- gluten-related disorders --- NCGS --- self-report --- survey studies --- n/a

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The extraintestinal manifestations of coeliac disease (CD) are now well recognised. We have previously edited a special issue for Nutrients covering all aspects of the extraintestinal manifestations in the context of CD. In this issue we wish to concentrate just on the neurological manifestations. The identification of TG6 autoantibodies in patients with neurological manifestations and its use in the diagnosis of such patients seems to be a good opportunity to focus on the neurological aspect of CD. In addition it is now clear that such manifestations can occur even in the absence of enteropathy but in the presence of antigliadin antibodies and/or TG6 antibodies. Given that such antigliadin antibodies can be found in up to 10% of the “healthy” population we anticipate that the neurological manifestations are likely to be very common and thus merit early recognition and treatment.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- coeliac disease --- gluten free diet --- psychiatric manifestations --- autistic spectrum disorder --- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder --- depression --- anxiety --- bipolar disorder --- schizophrenia --- eating disorders --- gluten --- neurological disorders --- gliadin --- ataxia --- neuropathy --- myopathy --- encephalopathy --- food intolerance --- celiac disease --- gluten sensitivity --- gluten-free diet --- cognition --- neurology --- disease duration --- autoimmunity --- multiple sclerosis --- psoriasis --- autoimmune thyroid disease --- type 1 diabetes --- transglutaminase antibodies --- TG2 --- TG3 --- TG6 --- dermatitis herpetiformis --- gluten ataxia --- gluten encephalopathy --- gluten neuropathy --- autism spectrum disorder --- review --- stiff person syndrome --- anti-GAD antibodies --- cerebellar ataxia --- gluten-related pathology --- cortical excitability --- transcallosal inhibition --- transcranial magnetic stimulation --- executive dysfunction --- gamma-amino-butyric acid --- neurological dysfunction --- headaches --- anti-gliadin antibodies --- MR imaging --- TG6 antibodies --- non-celiac wheat sensitivity --- irritable bowel syndrome --- multiple food hypersensitivity --- neuropsychiatric symptoms --- HLA --- duodenal lymphocytosis

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Cereal foods comprise a large variety of products that make up the main part of the diet of the world population. Despite decades of research to improve cereals and cereal food quality, worldwide research coordination is now required due to market needs, processing, and climate change. Cereals and cereal foods are an important source of energy (carbohydrates, proteins, and fat), and offer a range of non-nutrient bioactive components (i.e., vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals) that provide different grades of health benefits. The main challenges for the near future include the exploration, valorization, and improvement of genetic variation for nutrients and bioactive food components; the use and implementation of biotechnological, preprocessing, and processing strategies to improve content; and the evaluation of health properties for health claims.

coix seed --- Monascus purpureus --- antioxidant --- fermentation --- HEp2 --- buckwheat --- dehulling --- germination --- LC-MS --- free phenolic --- bound phenolic --- antioxidant activity --- sorghum --- phenolic compounds --- cell growth inhibition --- cell cycle analysis --- apoptosis --- HepG2 --- Caco-2 --- wheat --- nutrients --- celiac disease --- wheat allergy --- non-celiac wheat/gluten sensitivity --- durum wheat --- milling fractions --- air-classification plant --- micronization plant --- sorghum phenolics --- anti-inflammatory --- anti-proliferative --- anti-diabetic --- anti-atherogenic --- Triticum aestivum L. --- Triticum durum Desf. --- gluten --- breadmaking --- durum grains --- genetic variability --- heritability --- climate constraints --- yield performance --- air-classified fractions --- alveographic properties --- antioxidants --- starch --- ATI --- glutenins --- gluten strength --- grain protein content --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- milling methods --- dietary fiber --- phenolic acid --- steamed bread --- leavened pancake --- multiple linear regression (MLR) --- artificial neural network (ANN) --- milled rice --- enzymes --- air classification --- inorganic contaminants --- organic contaminants --- arsenic --- mycotoxins --- maize inbred lines --- nutritional value --- protein quality --- n/a

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Plant-based diets contain a plethora of metabolites that may impact on health and disease prevention. Most are focused on the potential bioactivity and nutritional relevance of several classes of phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, phyto-oestrogens, and frucrooligo-saccharides. These compounds are found in fruit, vegetables, and herbs. Daily intakes of some of these compounds may exceed 100 mg. Moreover, intestinal bacterial activity may transform complex compounds such as anthocyanins, procyanidins, and isoflavones into simple phenolic metabolites. The colon is thus a rich source of potentially active phenolic acids that may impact both locally and systemically on gut health. Further, nondigestible fiber (prebiotics) are dietary substrates that selectively promote proliferation and/or activity of health-promoting bacterial populations in the colon. Prebiotics, such as inulin, raffinose, and stachyose, have a proven ability to promote the abundance of intestinal bacterial populations, which may provide additional health benefits to the host. Further, various pulse seed soluble (fiber) extracts are responsible for improving gastrointestinal motility, intestinal functionality and morphology, and mineral absorption. Studies indicated that the consumption of seed origin soluble extracts can upregulate the expression of BBM proteins that contribute for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- intra amniotic (in ovo) administration --- zinc gene expression --- iron gene expression --- brush border membrane functional genes --- intestinal bacterial populations --- villus surface area --- cichoric acid --- metal complexes --- cytotoxicity --- cancer --- bacterial strains --- fungi --- human cell culture --- lactic acid bacteria --- probiotic --- acrylamide --- viability --- flow cytometry --- mesotrione --- traumatic acid --- breast cancer --- herbicide --- antioxidant --- oxidative stress --- bifidobacteria --- colon --- fermentation --- microbiota --- prebiotic --- SHIME® --- artichoke --- intestinal microbiota --- vegetable drink --- beneficial microorganisms --- cereal --- legume --- pseudocereal --- fruit --- synbiotic --- microbiome --- SCFA --- pectin --- rhamnogalacturonan --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) --- pea --- phytate --- iron --- bioavailability --- bio active compound --- in vivo --- Gallus gallus --- brush border membrane --- oats --- celiac disease --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- gluten-free --- SCFAs --- teff --- staple food crops --- prebiotics --- probiotics --- iron deficiency --- zinc deficiency --- gut microbiota --- intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) --- fructose --- dexamethasone --- intestinal gluconeogenesis --- plant origin --- bio-active compounds --- intestine --- intra amniotic (in ovo) administration --- zinc gene expression --- iron gene expression --- brush border membrane functional genes --- intestinal bacterial populations --- villus surface area --- cichoric acid --- metal complexes --- cytotoxicity --- cancer --- bacterial strains --- fungi --- human cell culture --- lactic acid bacteria --- probiotic --- acrylamide --- viability --- flow cytometry --- mesotrione --- traumatic acid --- breast cancer --- herbicide --- antioxidant --- oxidative stress --- bifidobacteria --- colon --- fermentation --- microbiota --- prebiotic --- SHIME® --- artichoke --- intestinal microbiota --- vegetable drink --- beneficial microorganisms --- cereal --- legume --- pseudocereal --- fruit --- synbiotic --- microbiome --- SCFA --- pectin --- rhamnogalacturonan --- transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) --- pea --- phytate --- iron --- bioavailability --- bio active compound --- in vivo --- Gallus gallus --- brush border membrane --- oats --- celiac disease --- non-celiac gluten sensitivity --- gluten-free --- SCFAs --- teff --- staple food crops --- prebiotics --- probiotics --- iron deficiency --- zinc deficiency --- gut microbiota --- intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) --- fructose --- dexamethasone --- intestinal gluconeogenesis --- plant origin --- bio-active compounds --- intestine