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Thank you for reaching for this book. It is a summary of the research presented at the 6th International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources (ICORES19), which took place in Krynica, Poland, in June 2019. This event is the most recognizable scientific meeting connected to RES in Poland. From the very beginning, this conference has been a unique occasion for gathering Polish and international researchers’ perspectives on renewable energy sources and balancing them against governmental policy considerations. Accordingly, the conference has also offered panels to discuss best practices and solutions with local entrepreneurs and federal government bodies. The meeting attracts not only scientists but also industry representatives, as well as local and federal government personnel. We are open to new and fresh ideas concerning renewable energy, which is why so many scientists from Central and Eastern Europe visit Krynica to discuss the “Green Future” of this region. In 2019, the conference was organized by the University of Agriculture in Krakow, in cooperation with the AGH University of Science and Technology (Krakow), the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya, the University of Žilina, the International Commission of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (CIGR) and the Polish Society of Agricultural Engineering. Honorary auspices were made by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland, the rector of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, the rector of the AGH University of Science and Technology and the rector of the State Agrarian and Engineering University in Podilya.

Research & information: general --- disc-mill --- efficiency --- carbon dioxide --- rice --- corn --- grinding --- refuse-derived fuel --- refuse-derived fuel (RDF) --- pellets --- durability --- density --- die --- design --- CFD --- combustion simulation --- stove --- thermal measurements --- cylindrical LED light coat --- tracking lighting --- photosynthetic microorganisms --- photobioreactor --- algae --- thermosiphon --- anti-gravity --- bubble pump --- solar collector --- passive heat transport --- exploitation of energy sources --- heating and ventilation systems --- pollutant emissions --- reduction of pollutant emissions --- single-family houses --- spent coffee grounds --- sawdust --- calorific value --- combustion --- laboratory-scale efficiency --- industrial-scale efficiency --- biomass conversion --- Biochemical Methane Potential Correction Coefficient --- loss prevention --- finite element modeling --- thermal imbalance of the ground source --- small-scale thermal energy storage --- FEFLOW --- ground source heat pump --- Borehole Heat Exchanger (BHE) --- decision support system --- briquettes production --- willow --- Miscanthus --- artificial neural network --- multilayer perceptron --- drying --- compaction --- biomass --- mechanical durability --- specific density --- Scots pine --- biogas --- renewable energy --- poultry slaughterhouse waste --- management --- pressure compaction --- moisture content --- solid density --- Cup plant --- Virginia mallow --- Giant miscanthus --- perennial biomass --- greenhouse gases --- agriculture --- slow release fertilizers --- Chinese cabbage

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Biomass can be converted to energy, biofuels, and bioproducts via thermochemical conversion processes, such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. Combustion technology is most widely applied on an industrial scale. However, biomass gasification and pyrolysis processes are still in the research and development stage. The major products from these processes are syngas, bio-oil, and char (called also biochar for agronomic application). Among these products, biomass chars have received increasing attention for different applications, such as gasification, co-combustion, catalysts or adsorbents precursors, soil amendment, carbon fuel cells, and supercapacitors. This Special Issue provides an overview of biomass char production methods (pyrolysis, hydrothermal carbonization, etc.), characterization techniques (e.g., scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, nitrogen adsorption, Raman spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and temperature programmed desorption and mass spectrometry), their properties, and their suitable recovery processes.

n/a --- Boudouard reaction in gasification --- Chinese reed --- underground coal gasification --- food waste --- kinetic models --- fixed bed combustor --- reactor modelling --- AAEMs --- anaerobic digestion --- grape marc --- adsorption isotherms --- Texaco pilot plant --- biomass valorization --- food waste compost --- CH4 adsorption --- gaseous emissions --- polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) --- waste wood --- coconut shells --- kinetic model --- char oxidation --- low-rank coal char --- nutrients --- characteristic time analysis --- kinetic parameters --- ash from biomass --- combustion parameters --- biomass --- thermal characteristics --- biocrude --- reaction kinetics --- sludge cake --- gasification --- pellets --- characterization --- ash layer --- energy recovery efficiency --- internal diffusion resistance --- FT-IR --- giant miscanthus --- pyrolysis --- olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) --- food-waste biochar --- melting phenomenon --- chemisorption --- steam gasification --- NaCl template --- biomass production --- textural characterization --- desalination --- ash fusion temperature (AFT) --- thermogravimetric analysis --- combustion --- chemical speciation --- sawdust --- NaCl --- effective diffusion coefficient --- kinetics --- breakthrough curves --- biochar engineering --- biochar --- amino acid --- high heating value (HHV) --- salty food waste --- ELECTRE III --- interferences --- multicriteria model --- pyrrole --- interactions --- biogas purification --- fertilisation --- NOx --- pyrolysis conditions --- steam --- partial combustion reaction in gasification --- CO2 adsorption --- poultry slaughterhouse --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- calorific value --- oxygen enrichment --- porosity --- nitrogen --- hydrothermal carbonization --- thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) --- MTDATA --- activated carbon --- active site