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Transfer cells are anatomically specialized cells optimized to support high levels of nutrient transport in plants. These cells trans-differentiate from existing cell types by developing extensive and localized wall ingrowth labyrinths to amplify plasma membrane surface area which in turn supports high densities of membrane transporters. Unsurprisingly, therefore, transfer cells are found at key anatomical sites for nutrient acquisition, distribution and exchange. Transfer cells are involved in delivery of nutrients between generations and in the development of reproductive organs and also facilitate the exchange of nutrients that characterize symbiotic associations. Transfer cells occur across all taxonomic groups in higher plants and also in algae and fungi. Deposition of wall ingrowth-like structures are also seen in “syncytia” and “giant cells” which function as feeding sites for cyst and root-knot nematodes, respectively, following their infection of roots. Consequently, the formation of highly localized wall ingrowth structures in diverse cell types appears to be an ancient anatomical adaption to facilitate enhanced rates of apoplasmic transport of nutrients in plants. In some systems a role for transfer cells in the formation of an anti-pathogen protective barrier at these symplastic discontinuities has been inferred. Remarkably, the extent of cell wall ingrowth development at a particular site can show high plasticity, suggesting that transfer cell differentiation might be a dynamic process adapted to the transport requirements of each physiological condition. Recent studies exploiting different experimental systems to investigate transfer cell biology have identified signaling pathways inducing transfer cell development and genes/gene networks that define transfer cell identity and/or are involved in building the wall ingrowth labyrinths themselves. Further studies have defined the structure and composition of wall ingrowths in different systems, leading in many instances to the conclusion that this process may involve previously uncharacterized mechanisms for localized wall deposition in plants. Since transfer cells play important roles in plant development and productivity, the latter being relevant to crop yield, especially so in major agricultural species such as wheat, barley, soybean and maize, understanding the molecular and cellular events leading to wall ingrowth deposition holds exciting promise to develop new strategies to improve plant performance, a key imperative in addressing global food security. This Research Topic presents a timely and comprehensive treatise on transfer cell biology to help define critical questions for future research and thereby generating a deeper understanding of these fascinating and important cells in plant biology.

Wall ingrowth --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- synctial cells --- Zea mays --- transfer cells --- endosperm transfer cells --- Giant Cells

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Transfer cells are anatomically specialized cells optimized to support high levels of nutrient transport in plants. These cells trans-differentiate from existing cell types by developing extensive and localized wall ingrowth labyrinths to amplify plasma membrane surface area which in turn supports high densities of membrane transporters. Unsurprisingly, therefore, transfer cells are found at key anatomical sites for nutrient acquisition, distribution and exchange. Transfer cells are involved in delivery of nutrients between generations and in the development of reproductive organs and also facilitate the exchange of nutrients that characterize symbiotic associations. Transfer cells occur across all taxonomic groups in higher plants and also in algae and fungi. Deposition of wall ingrowth-like structures are also seen in “syncytia” and “giant cells” which function as feeding sites for cyst and root-knot nematodes, respectively, following their infection of roots. Consequently, the formation of highly localized wall ingrowth structures in diverse cell types appears to be an ancient anatomical adaption to facilitate enhanced rates of apoplasmic transport of nutrients in plants. In some systems a role for transfer cells in the formation of an anti-pathogen protective barrier at these symplastic discontinuities has been inferred. Remarkably, the extent of cell wall ingrowth development at a particular site can show high plasticity, suggesting that transfer cell differentiation might be a dynamic process adapted to the transport requirements of each physiological condition. Recent studies exploiting different experimental systems to investigate transfer cell biology have identified signaling pathways inducing transfer cell development and genes/gene networks that define transfer cell identity and/or are involved in building the wall ingrowth labyrinths themselves. Further studies have defined the structure and composition of wall ingrowths in different systems, leading in many instances to the conclusion that this process may involve previously uncharacterized mechanisms for localized wall deposition in plants. Since transfer cells play important roles in plant development and productivity, the latter being relevant to crop yield, especially so in major agricultural species such as wheat, barley, soybean and maize, understanding the molecular and cellular events leading to wall ingrowth deposition holds exciting promise to develop new strategies to improve plant performance, a key imperative in addressing global food security. This Research Topic presents a timely and comprehensive treatise on transfer cell biology to help define critical questions for future research and thereby generating a deeper understanding of these fascinating and important cells in plant biology.

Wall ingrowth --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- synctial cells --- Zea mays --- transfer cells --- endosperm transfer cells --- Giant Cells

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Cytology --- Biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Cell Biology. --- Biochemistry. --- Biophysics. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biological physics --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Composition --- Cells --- Cell --- Cell Biology --- Biology --- Cytologists --- Medical sciences --- Physics --- Chemistry --- Citología --- Biofísica --- Cells. --- Biology - General --- cells. --- cell biology --- acinar cells --- adipocytes --- aleurone cells --- antigen-presenting cells --- bacteriocytes --- blood cells --- bone marrow cells --- bundle sheath cells --- chondrocytes --- chromaffin cells --- chromatophores --- coelomocytes --- cultured cells --- endothelial cells --- epithelial cells --- eukaryotic cells --- fibroblasts --- germ cells --- giant cells --- gonadotropic cells --- granulosa cells --- guard cells --- hemocytes --- hepatocytes --- islets of Langerhans --- keratinocytes --- kidney cells --- Leydig cells --- luteal cells --- mast cells --- myocytes --- neoplasm cells --- neurosecretory cells --- nurse cells --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- phagocytes --- plant root cells --- prokaryotic cells --- Schwann cells --- Sertoli cells --- somatic cells --- splenocytes --- spores --- stem cells --- stromal cells --- tenocytes --- teratocytes --- thecal cells --- vegetative cells --- artificial cells --- cell transplantation --- cell viability --- cellular microenvironment

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Breast cancer is acknowledged as an international priority in healthcare. It is currently the most common cancer in women worldwide, with demographic trends indicating a continuous increase in incidence. Over the years, increasing efforts and resources have been devoted to the search for a systematic and optimized strategy in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. Today, the Breast Unit model is considered the gold standard in order to ensure optimal patient-centered and research-based clinical services through multidisciplinary and integrated management.Surgical treatment has gradually evolved toward less aggressive approaches with the adoption of new therapeutic strategies. The evolution of evidence-based guidelines in such leading disciplines as radiation and medical oncology has led to a steady improvement in survival rates. This Special Issue will highlight innovations in the integrated management of breast cancer, their potential advantages, and the many open issues that still need to be properly defined and addressed.

metastatic breast cancer --- breast surgery --- immune system --- metabolic derangements --- precision medicine --- integrated therapies --- advanced breast cancer --- mTOR inhibitor --- CDK4/6 inhibitor --- endocrine resistance --- breast cancer --- pregnancy --- chemotherapy --- tailoring --- personalization --- DataMart --- real world data --- predictive model --- healthcare --- breast-conserving surgery --- non-palpable breast lesions --- image-guided localization --- preoperative breast localization --- breast ultrasound --- large database --- standardized data collection --- networks --- nipple-sparing mastectomy --- immediate breast reconstruction --- acellular dermal matrix (ADM) --- aesthetic and oncological outcomes --- quality of life --- rare breast cancer --- osteoclast-like giant cells --- gene profiling --- Oncotype Dx --- adjuvant treatment --- neoadjuvant chemotherapy --- sentinel lymph node --- systemic treatment --- locally advanced breast cancer --- mini-invasive treatment --- liver metastases --- hepatic surgery --- personalized medicine --- sarcopenia --- physical performance --- frailty --- older cancer patients --- clinical trial --- patient enrollment --- artificial intelligence --- machine learning --- lung cancer --- oncology --- web app --- conventional CT and CT angiography --- DIEP flap planning --- multidisciplinary treatment --- evidence-based medicine --- personalized treatment --- oncological outcomes --- patient quality of life --- normal breast --- breast pathology --- hormone receptor --- hormone expression --- lymphedema --- lymphaticovenous anastomosis --- vascularized lymph node transfer --- lymphatic microsurgery --- radiotherapy --- oligometastatic breast cancer --- locoregional therapy --- CDK4/6 inhibitors --- multidisciplinary --- AMH --- ovarian reserve --- pregnancy desire --- subtypes breast cancer --- miRNAs --- breast cancer treatment --- next-generation-sequencing --- target therapy --- old age --- survival --- vitamin D --- ductal breast cancer --- in situ breast cancer --- lobular breast cancer --- histology --- n/a

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Vision --- Eye --- Oeil --- Genetic aspects --- Periodicals --- Cytology --- Molecular aspects --- Aspect génétique --- Périodiques --- Cytologie --- Aspect moléculaire --- Cells. --- Molecular Biology. --- Vision. --- Œil --- genetics. --- Eyesight --- Seeing --- Sight --- Light Signal Transduction, Visual --- Ocular Vision --- Visual Light Signal Transduction --- Visual Phototransduction --- Visual Transduction --- Phototransduction, Visual --- Transduction, Visual --- Biochemical Genetics --- Biology, Molecular --- Genetics, Biochemical --- Genetics, Molecular --- Molecular Genetics --- Biochemical Genetic --- Genetic, Biochemical --- Genetic, Molecular --- Molecular Genetic --- Cell --- Eyeball --- Eyes --- Visual system --- Senses and sensation --- Blindfolds --- Physiological optics --- Ophthalmology --- Visual Perception --- Genetic Phenomena --- Cell Biology --- Face --- Photoreceptors --- Vision, Ocular. --- Vision, Ocular --- Aspect moléculaire --- Aspect génétique --- Cytology. --- molecular biology --- ophthalmology --- genetics --- biochemistry --- cell biology --- Cells --- Molecular Biology --- cells. --- molecular biology. --- vision. --- genetics --- Biological Sciences --- animal genetics --- cytogenetics --- gender --- genetic equilibrium --- genetic factors --- genetic relationships --- genetic selection --- genetic stability --- genetic structure --- genetic traits --- genetic vectors --- genomics --- human genetics --- immunogenetics --- inheritance (genetics) --- landscape genetics --- maternal effect --- metabolomics --- microbial genetics --- molecular genetics --- nutrigenomics --- paternal effect --- phenomics --- phenotype --- plant genetics --- population genetics --- proteomics --- quantitative genetics --- reproductive fitness --- sex determination --- transcriptomics --- biotechnology --- breeding --- genetic models --- genetic resources --- geneticists --- eyesight --- visual phototransduction --- visual transduction --- ocular physiology --- sensation --- color vision --- night vision --- eye diseases --- ophthalmology --- photoreceptors --- sensory properties --- vision disorders --- visual cortex --- visual perception --- bioinformatics --- molecular dynamics --- molecular epidemiology --- molecular models --- molecular systematics --- cell biology --- acinar cells --- adipocytes --- aleurone cells --- antigen-presenting cells --- bacteriocytes --- blood cells --- bone marrow cells --- bundle sheath cells --- chondrocytes --- chromaffin cells --- chromatophores --- coelomocytes --- cultured cells --- endothelial cells --- epithelial cells --- eukaryotic cells --- fibroblasts --- germ cells --- giant cells --- gonadotropic cells --- granulosa cells --- guard cells --- hemocytes --- hepatocytes --- islets of Langerhans --- keratinocytes --- kidney cells --- Leydig cells --- luteal cells --- mast cells --- myocytes --- neoplasm cells --- neurosecretory cells --- nurse cells --- osteoblasts --- osteoclasts --- phagocytes --- plant root cells --- prokaryotic cells --- Schwann cells --- Sertoli cells --- somatic cells --- splenocytes --- spores --- stem cells --- stromal cells --- tenocytes --- teratocytes --- thecal cells --- vegetative cells --- artificial cells --- cell transplantation --- cell viability --- cellular microenvironment --- Cellules. --- sight (sense) --- Organisms --- Biologia molecular. --- Visió.