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This Special Issue is dedicated to neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), a category of malignancy that demonstrates wide clinical heterogeneity, posing major challenges in diagnosis and management. There have been significant advances in the field of NEN genomics, pathology, imaging, and treatment over the past five years. NENs are examples of rare tumours (although their incidence and prevalence are increasing) where international collaborative efforts have allowed the generation of high-level evidence to guide optimal patient-centred care. This issue presents both reviews and original papers to provide comprehensive state-of-the-art understanding of this fascinating disease.

Medicine --- small bowel neuroendocrine tumours --- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours --- liver metastases --- midgut --- meta-analysis --- neuroendocrine tumors --- carcinoid heart disease --- carcinoid syndrome --- somatostatin analogues --- metastases --- multidisciplinary --- management --- outcome --- grading --- staging --- neuroendocrine neoplasms --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- metronomic treatment --- second-line --- NOTCH --- cancer-driven genes --- mutational mechanism --- germline mutations --- small cell lung carcinoma --- pancreatic NET --- small bowel NET --- medullary thyroid carcinoma --- malignant castration-resistant prostatic cells --- quality performance indicators --- QPIs --- cancer care --- neuroendocrine tumour --- NETs --- modified Delphi --- CommNETs --- pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms --- neuroendocrine tumor --- long-term functional outcomes --- pancreatectomy --- diabetes mellitus --- pancreatic exocrine insufficiency --- body mass index --- parenchyma-sparing surgery --- neuroendocrine tumours --- curative surgery --- resection --- follow-up --- guidelines --- relapse --- recurrence --- risk factor --- mixed non-neuroendocrine neuroendocrine neoplasms --- MiNENs --- mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma --- MANEC --- 2017 WHO classification --- 2019 WHO classification --- small bowel neuroendocrine tumours --- pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours --- liver metastases --- midgut --- meta-analysis --- neuroendocrine tumors --- carcinoid heart disease --- carcinoid syndrome --- somatostatin analogues --- metastases --- multidisciplinary --- management --- outcome --- grading --- staging --- neuroendocrine neoplasms --- chemotherapy --- temozolomide --- metronomic treatment --- second-line --- NOTCH --- cancer-driven genes --- mutational mechanism --- germline mutations --- small cell lung carcinoma --- pancreatic NET --- small bowel NET --- medullary thyroid carcinoma --- malignant castration-resistant prostatic cells --- quality performance indicators --- QPIs --- cancer care --- neuroendocrine tumour --- NETs --- modified Delphi --- CommNETs --- pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms --- neuroendocrine tumor --- long-term functional outcomes --- pancreatectomy --- diabetes mellitus --- pancreatic exocrine insufficiency --- body mass index --- parenchyma-sparing surgery --- neuroendocrine tumours --- curative surgery --- resection --- follow-up --- guidelines --- relapse --- recurrence --- risk factor --- mixed non-neuroendocrine neuroendocrine neoplasms --- MiNENs --- mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinoma --- MANEC --- 2017 WHO classification --- 2019 WHO classification

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the most common form of dementia in the elderly population worldwide. AD is characterized by progressive neurodegeneration that leads to a gradual deterioration of memory and other cognitive functions. Given the global prevalence and impact of AD, there is a critical need to establish biomarkers that can be used to detect AD in individuals before the onset of clinical signs and provide mitigating therapeutics. The aim of this Special Issue is to discuss the current knowledge as well as future perspectives on the role of biomarkers in the screening, diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of AD.

Medicine --- flotillin --- Alzheimer's disease --- biomarker --- exosomes --- beta-amyloid --- Tau --- aging --- biomarkers --- cytokines --- cognitive decline --- metabolomics --- neuroinflammation --- multivariate analysis --- physical performance --- person-tailored --- PET/CT --- (18F)FDG --- neuropsychological assessment --- APP mutations --- APOE alleles --- PSEN1 --- PSEN2 --- germline mutations --- late onset AD --- early onset AD --- familial AD --- genetics of AD --- mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity --- mitochondrial --- membrane potential --- glycolytic reserve --- semantic memory --- phonemic fluency --- episodic memory --- neuropsychology --- neuroimaging --- Alzheimer's disease --- mild cognitive impairment --- EEG --- TMS --- obesity --- diabetes --- inflammation --- Amyloid Beta --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- nutrition --- omega-3 fatty acids --- antioxidant --- carotenoids --- vitamin E --- cognition --- older adults --- ageing --- subjective cognitive decline --- clock genes --- Clock --- ApoE --- cardiovascular risk factors --- Alzheimer disease --- semantic priming --- amyloid beta --- cerebrospinal fluid --- amyloid beta peptide --- total tau --- phosphorylated tau --- diagnosis --- drug development --- clinical trials --- diagnostic research --- virus --- bacteria --- dementia --- blood --- behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) --- Alzheimer's disease (AD) --- neuropsychiatry inventory scale (NPI) --- endophenotypes --- CART analysis --- MTHFR --- APOE --- COMT --- genetic variants --- early diagnosis --- biofluids --- amyloid cascade hypothesis --- glucose metabolism --- adipose tissue dysfunction --- energetic metabolism --- lysosomes dysfunction --- Type-3-Diabetes --- neurodegeneration --- amyloid --- tau --- soluble TREM2 --- NfL --- Multiplex --- SiMoA --- diagnostics --- messenger RNA --- microRNA --- neurotropic microbes --- precision medicine --- prognostics --- synaptic biomarkers --- neurofilament light chain --- flotillin --- Alzheimer's disease --- biomarker --- exosomes --- beta-amyloid --- Tau --- aging --- biomarkers --- cytokines --- cognitive decline --- metabolomics --- neuroinflammation --- multivariate analysis --- physical performance --- person-tailored --- PET/CT --- (18F)FDG --- neuropsychological assessment --- APP mutations --- APOE alleles --- PSEN1 --- PSEN2 --- germline mutations --- late onset AD --- early onset AD --- familial AD --- genetics of AD --- mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity --- mitochondrial --- membrane potential --- glycolytic reserve --- semantic memory --- phonemic fluency --- episodic memory --- neuropsychology --- neuroimaging --- Alzheimer's disease --- mild cognitive impairment --- EEG --- TMS --- obesity --- diabetes --- inflammation --- Amyloid Beta --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- nutrition --- omega-3 fatty acids --- antioxidant --- carotenoids --- vitamin E --- cognition --- older adults --- ageing --- subjective cognitive decline --- clock genes --- Clock --- ApoE --- cardiovascular risk factors --- Alzheimer disease --- semantic priming --- amyloid beta --- cerebrospinal fluid --- amyloid beta peptide --- total tau --- phosphorylated tau --- diagnosis --- drug development --- clinical trials --- diagnostic research --- virus --- bacteria --- dementia --- blood --- behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) --- Alzheimer's disease (AD) --- neuropsychiatry inventory scale (NPI) --- endophenotypes --- CART analysis --- MTHFR --- APOE --- COMT --- genetic variants --- early diagnosis --- biofluids --- amyloid cascade hypothesis --- glucose metabolism --- adipose tissue dysfunction --- energetic metabolism --- lysosomes dysfunction --- Type-3-Diabetes --- neurodegeneration --- amyloid --- tau --- soluble TREM2 --- NfL --- Multiplex --- SiMoA --- diagnostics --- messenger RNA --- microRNA --- neurotropic microbes --- precision medicine --- prognostics --- synaptic biomarkers --- neurofilament light chain