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Germ cells --- Aging

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Chromosome segregation is conserved throughout eukaryotes. In most systems, it is solely driven by a spindle machinery that is assembled from microtubules. We have recently discovered that actin filaments that are embedded inside meiotic spindles (spindle actin) are needed for accurate chromosome segregation in mammalian oocytes. To understand the function of spindle actin in oocyte meiosis, we have developed high-resolution and super-resolution live and immunofluorescence microscopy assays that are described in this chapter.

Chromosomes --- Germ cells. --- Analysis.

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Par ordre hierarchique decroissant, l'espece, l'individu et la lignee germinale representent les trois entites qui conditionnent l'aptitude des etres humains a procreer et a assurer par la-meme la survie de l'espece. La rencontre des cellules sexuelles, dterminante pour la gense d'un nouvel individu, est un processus qui apparat de plus en plus complexe et dont la finalit s'est largie. Il ne s'agit plus seulement de la transmission des gnomes parentaux l'A uf fcond mais aussi du transfert de marques dites pigntiques susceptibles d'influencer le dveloppement de l'embryon.La transgression des lois naturelles de la reproduction qui est reste longtemps de l'ordre de l'imaginaire est devenue une ralit biologique dans la seconde moiti du XXe sicle. Les procrations mdicalement assistes et le clonage animal, raliss avec succs au terme d'une longue exploration scientifique, en ont t les deux vnements marquants.Les cellules souches germinales, cultives au laboratoire, font preuve d'une tonnante plasticit. Elles suscitent, en particulier chez l'homme, de nouveaux espoirs thrapeutiques. Dans le droit fil de l'exprimentation animale, peut-on imaginer de transplanter des cellules de la ligne germinale pour remdier l'incapacit des gonades produire des cellules sexuelles ?Les avances dans la connaissance des cellules sexuelles ne concernent pas uniquement le biologiste et le mdecin. Elles sont source de questionnement pour le philosophe.

Stem cells. --- Germ cells.

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This book introduces readers to the fascinating interaction of specialized gamete cells, forming the early embryo and a blueprint of new life. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of the complex physiological events and mechanical processes - such as ionic regulation, metabolism and intracellular signalling - to decipher cause and effect in fertilization. Wide-ranging in its approach, this book describes fertilization as a highly conserved mechanism throughout the animal kingdom, taking case studies from echinoderms, ascidians, amphibians and mammals through to other phyla. An excellent companion to undergraduate and postgraduate students of medicine, veterinary and biological sciences, this text provides an underpinning of the mechanisms of fertilization that inform assisted reproduction practice and research in medicine and agriculture. Explores the detailed phases before fertilization: the oocyte as a quiescent cell, attracting its partner gamete, followed by a cascade of pre-determined physiological events, to form the dynamic zygote cell; setting the scene for the early embryo, and beyond.

Fertilization (Biology) --- Germ cells. --- Gametogenesis.

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Fertilization. --- Germ Cells --- Conception --- Fertilization, Delayed --- Fertilization, Polyspermic --- Conceptions --- Delayed Fertilization --- Delayed Fertilizations --- Fertilizations --- Fertilizations, Delayed --- Fertilizations, Polyspermic --- Polyspermic Fertilization --- Polyspermic Fertilizations --- Posthumous Conception --- physiology. --- Fertilization (Biology) --- Germ Cells-physiology. --- Fertilization --- GERM CELLS --- physiology --- Fertilization (Biology). --- Fertilization (biology). --- Germ cells --- Germ cells-physiology. --- Physiology. --- Amphimixis --- Biology --- Cells --- Embryology --- Physiology --- Reproduction