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The so-called data deluge, along with ever-increasing technological capabilities, tantalizes geographers with exciting opportunities for spatial data analysis. These opportunities come with challenges, because data and technology, alone, cannot address the pressing questions of our world. Spatial analysis, a.k.a. spatial statistics, is a lot more than colourful maps and attractive displays: still relatively underrepresented in the Italian geography, this discipline has grown from a strictly quantitative niche to part of a critical spatial science and continues to stimulate new developments in statistics because, as we know, spatial is special. This book, published in the series “New Geographies. Work Tools”, adds spatial analysis to the Italian geographer’s toolbox. Not a how-to manual, it presents some of the core analytical issues through the redundancy of narrative language and mathematical language. It traces the journey of spatial analysis from its roots in quantitative geography, GIS, and statistics, towards the definition of its own identity and the acceptance of its own relativity and limitations. It discusses the relationship of spatial analysis with GIScience and its efforts to embed critiques within its own discourse, emphasizing the role of theory, the importance of hypothesis testing, and acknowledging the ethics surrounding the use and analysis of data. A few examples illustrate practical implementations, showing the value added by spatial statistics in yielding reliable analyses that can support management decisions. It concludes with a brief outlook on the Italian geographic literature, where spatial analysis – like elsewhere – can play a role in competently accepting today’s opportunities and challenges, in a constructive dialogue within geography as a whole.

Geography --- Geographical information systems (GIS) & remote sensing --- Spatial analysis --- GIS --- spatial statistics --- critical spatial science --- geospatial analytics --- GIScience --- Spatial analysis --- GIS --- spatial statistics --- critical spatial science --- geospatial analytics --- GIScience

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This book is published open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. Over  the  past  decades,  rapid developments in digital and sensing technologies, such  as the Cloud, Web and Internet of Things, have dramatically changed the way we live and work. The digital transformation is revolutionizing our ability to monitor our planet and transforming the  way we access, process and exploit Earth Observation data from satellites. This book reviews these megatrends and their implications for the Earth Observation community as well as the wider data economy. It provides insight into new paradigms of Open Science and Innovation applied to space data, which are characterized by openness, access to large volume of complex data, wide availability of new community tools, new techniques for big data analytics such as Artificial Intelligence, unprecedented level of computing power, and new types of collaboration among researchers, innovators, entrepreneurs and citizen scientists. In addition, this book aims to provide readers with some reflections on the future of Earth Observation, highlighting through a series of use cases not just the new opportunities created by the New Space revolution, but also the new challenges that must be addressed in order to make the most of the large volume of complex and diverse data delivered by the new generation of satellites.  .

Earth sciences. --- Remote sensing. --- Environmental management. --- Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Big Data. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Environmental Management. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Environmental stewardship --- Stewardship, Environmental --- Environmental sciences --- Management --- Geosciences --- Physical sciences --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Geography. --- Big data. --- Astrophysics. --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Data sets, Large --- Large data sets --- Data sets --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science --- social observatory --- earth system science --- science in society --- data science --- open innovation --- citizen science --- open data --- crowdsourced geospatial data --- geospatial analytics --- big earth data