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The second edition of Non-extensive Entropy Econometrics for Low Frequency Series provides a new and robust power-law-based, non-extensive entropy econometrics approach to the economic modelling of ill-behaved inverse problems. Particular attention is paid to national account-based general equilibrium models known for their relative complexity.In theoretical terms, the approach generalizes Gibbs-Shannon-Golan entropy models, which are useful for describing ergodic phenomena. In essence, this entropy econometrics approach constitutes a junction of two distinct concepts: Jayne's maximum entropy principle and the Bayesian generalized method of moments. Rival econometric techniques are not conceptually adapted to solving complex inverse problems or are seriously limited when it comes to practical implementation. Recent literature showed that amplitude and frequency of macroeconomic fluctuations do not substantially diverge from many other extreme events, natural or human-related, once they are explained in the same time (or space) scale. Non-extensive entropy is a precious device for econometric modelling even in the case of low frequency series, since outputs evolving within the Gaussian attractor correspond to the Tsallis entropy limiting case of Tsallis q-parameter around unity. This book introduces a sub-discipline called Non-extensive Entropy Econometrics or, using a recent expression, Superstar Generalised Econometrics. It demonstrates, using national accounts-based models, that this approach facilitates solving nonlinear, complex inverse problems, previously considered intractable, such as the constant elasticity of substitution class of functions. This new proposed approach could extend the frontier of theoretical and applied econometrics.

generalized cross-entropy, general equilibrium macro-economic model, econometrics. --- BUSINESS & ECONOMICS / Econometrics.

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Conflict, including the threat or fear of potential violence, or being witness to or a victim of physical violence, constantly surrounds gangs and their communities and is the principal driver sustaining gang life. This Special Issue examines the diverse nature of gang-related violence with the goal of better understanding the growing complexities of gang violence over the last two decades to better inform public policy solutions. The contributions included in this Special Issue highlight the complex nature of gang-related violence in the 21st Century. As much as policy makers, the media, and even scholars like to simplify gang-related violence, all of the studies included in this Special Issue highlight the nuance and variation that exists.

Law --- Drugs trade / drug trafficking --- street gangs --- public health --- Good Lives Model --- intervention --- prevention --- gang --- violence --- incident reports --- police data --- drug markets --- gangs --- opioids --- overdose --- spatial concentration --- generalized cross-entropy --- street gang violence --- civil gang injunctions --- conflict network --- social network analysis --- social networks --- crisis --- organized crime --- homicide --- retaliation --- gang homicide --- comparative research --- ethnography --- gang violence --- desistance --- network composition --- criminal behavior --- homicide types --- disaggregation --- latent class analysis --- shootings --- social media --- focused deterrence --- street gangs --- public health --- Good Lives Model --- intervention --- prevention --- gang --- violence --- incident reports --- police data --- drug markets --- gangs --- opioids --- overdose --- spatial concentration --- generalized cross-entropy --- street gang violence --- civil gang injunctions --- conflict network --- social network analysis --- social networks --- crisis --- organized crime --- homicide --- retaliation --- gang homicide --- comparative research --- ethnography --- gang violence --- desistance --- network composition --- criminal behavior --- homicide types --- disaggregation --- latent class analysis --- shootings --- social media --- focused deterrence

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Conflict, including the threat or fear of potential violence, or being witness to or a victim of physical violence, constantly surrounds gangs and their communities and is the principal driver sustaining gang life. This Special Issue examines the diverse nature of gang-related violence with the goal of better understanding the growing complexities of gang violence over the last two decades to better inform public policy solutions. The contributions included in this Special Issue highlight the complex nature of gang-related violence in the 21st Century. As much as policy makers, the media, and even scholars like to simplify gang-related violence, all of the studies included in this Special Issue highlight the nuance and variation that exists.

street gangs --- public health --- Good Lives Model --- intervention --- prevention --- gang --- violence --- incident reports --- police data --- drug markets --- gangs --- opioids --- overdose --- spatial concentration --- generalized cross-entropy --- street gang violence --- civil gang injunctions --- conflict network --- social network analysis --- social networks --- crisis --- organized crime --- homicide --- retaliation --- gang homicide --- comparative research --- ethnography --- gang violence --- desistance --- network composition --- criminal behavior --- homicide types --- disaggregation --- latent class analysis --- shootings --- social media --- focused deterrence --- n/a

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In the last two decades, the understanding of complex dynamical systems underwent important conceptual shifts. The catalyst was the infusion of new ideas from the theory of critical phenomena (scaling laws, renormalization group, etc.), (multi)fractals and trees, random matrix theory, network theory, and non-Shannonian information theory. The usual Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics were proven to be grossly inadequate in this context. While successful in describing stationary systems characterized by ergodicity or metric transitivity, Boltzmann–Gibbs statistics fail to reproduce the complex statistical behavior of many real-world systems in biology, astrophysics, geology, and the economic and social sciences.The aim of this Special Issue was to extend the state of the art by original contributions that could contribute to an ongoing discussion on the statistical foundations of entropy, with a particular emphasis on non-conventional entropies that go significantly beyond Boltzmann, Gibbs, and Shannon paradigms. The accepted contributions addressed various aspects including information theoretic, thermodynamic and quantum aspects of complex systems and found several important applications of generalized entropies in various systems.

ecological inference --- generalized cross entropy --- distributional weighted regression --- matrix adjustment --- entropy --- critical phenomena --- renormalization --- multiscale thermodynamics --- GENERIC --- non-Newtonian calculus --- non-Diophantine arithmetic --- Kolmogorov–Nagumo averages --- escort probabilities --- generalized entropies --- maximum entropy principle --- MaxEnt distribution --- calibration invariance --- Lagrange multipliers --- generalized Bilal distribution --- adaptive Type-II progressive hybrid censoring scheme --- maximum likelihood estimation --- Bayesian estimation --- Lindley’s approximation --- confidence interval --- Markov chain Monte Carlo method --- Rényi entropy --- Tsallis entropy --- entropic uncertainty relations --- quantum metrology --- non-equilibrium thermodynamics --- variational entropy --- rényi entropy --- tsallis entropy --- landsberg—vedral entropy --- gaussian entropy --- sharma—mittal entropy --- α-mutual information --- α-channel capacity --- maximum entropy --- Bayesian inference --- updating probabilities --- n/a --- Kolmogorov-Nagumo averages --- Lindley's approximation --- Rényi entropy --- rényi entropy --- landsberg-vedral entropy --- sharma-mittal entropy