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612:796 --- 612:796 Fysiologie van de sport --- Fysiologie van de sport --- Musculoskeletal system --- Muscle, Skeletal --- physiology --- physiopathology --- Musculoskeletal System. --- Appareil locomoteur --- Muscles --- Muscle, Striated --- Musculoskeletal System --- Anatomy --- Tissues --- Tissue --- Anatomies --- Anterior Tibial Muscle --- Gastrocnemius Muscle --- Muscle, Voluntary --- Plantaris Muscle --- Skeletal Muscle --- Soleus Muscle --- Muscle, Anterior Tibial --- Muscle, Gastrocnemius --- Muscle, Plantaris --- Muscle, Soleus --- Muscles, Skeletal --- Muscles, Voluntary --- Skeletal Muscles --- Tibial Muscle, Anterior --- Voluntary Muscle --- Voluntary Muscles --- Musculoskeletal Systems --- System, Musculoskeletal --- Systems, Musculoskeletal --- Musculoskeletal Development --- Striated Muscle --- Muscles, Striated --- Striated Muscles --- Muscle Tissue --- Muscle --- Muscle Tissues --- Tissue, Muscle --- Tissues, Muscle --- Skeletal Muscle Enlargement --- Muscle, Skeletal - physiology --- Muscle, Skeletal - physiopathology

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This book describes the diverse roles that growth factors and cytokines play in skeletal muscle. The extracellular environment has profound effects on the biology of skeletal muscle. The soluble portion of this environment includes a rich milieu of growth factors and cytokines which have been shown to regulate virtually all facets of the response of skeletal muscle to external stimuli, whether it be exercise induced metabolic shifts, remodeling in response to trauma or loading of the ongoing pathology associated with neuromuscular disease. The chapters included in this work illustrate growth factors that directly affect skeletal muscle cells and those which influence non-muscle cells that contribute to the biology of skeletal muscle as a whole tissue. The current state of the art, with the advent of systems biology, allows for the delineation of signaling networks which are regulated by suites of growth factors. This is in stark contrast to early more traditional studies, which only examined the effects of isolated growth factors on the activity of skeletal muscle precursor cells in tissue culture. The work presented in this volume ranges from reviewing and analyzing the roles of individual growth factors in detail, to the complex interplay of multiple soluble factors in the control of muscle functional, and dysfunctional states. The material covered in this volume will particularly suit readers from a range of research fields spanning general muscle biology and physiology, and those working on diseases and conditions affecting skeletal muscle both directly and indirectly.

Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Muscles --- Musculoskeletal system. --- Muscle cells. --- Regeneration. --- Myocytes --- Locomotor system --- Musculo-skeletal system --- Skeletomuscular system --- Cells --- Cytokines. --- Human physiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cytokines and Growth Factors. --- Human Physiology. --- Medical Biochemistry. --- Human biology --- Medical sciences --- Physiology --- Human body --- Cellular immunity --- Immune response --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Regulation --- Composition --- Muscle, Skeletal. --- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins. --- Growth Factors --- Paracrine Peptide Factors --- Paracrine Protein Factors --- Peptide Factors, Paracrine --- Paracrine Communication --- Peptide Hormones --- Anterior Tibial Muscle --- Gastrocnemius Muscle --- Muscle, Voluntary --- Plantaris Muscle --- Skeletal Muscle --- Soleus Muscle --- Muscle, Anterior Tibial --- Muscle, Gastrocnemius --- Muscle, Plantaris --- Muscle, Soleus --- Muscles, Skeletal --- Muscles, Voluntary --- Skeletal Muscles --- Tibial Muscle, Anterior --- Voluntary Muscle --- Voluntary Muscles --- Growth factors. --- Medical biochemistry. --- Medical biochemistry --- Pathobiochemistry --- Pathological biochemistry --- Biochemistry --- Pathology --- Cell growth factors --- Cellular growth factors --- Growth peptides --- Growth promoting substances --- Growth substances --- Peptide growth factors --- Peptide regulatory factors --- Polypeptide growth factors --- Cytokines --- Peptides

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The reprint represents the publication of the seven articles associated with the special issue "Training Load, Well-Being, and Readiness: Reducing Injury Risk and Improving Sports Performance". Within the reprint the readers can found evidence about training load monitoring in soccer, cyclists and regular gym exercises. We hope readers can find interesting the methodological approaches provided.

cyclist --- myometry --- stiffness --- incremental cycling test --- football --- athletic performance --- match analysis --- sports training --- GPS --- high-intensity running --- acute/chronic workload ratio --- high-speed running --- in-season --- non-starters --- RPE --- soccer --- starters --- training monotony --- training strain --- biomechanics --- heel strike --- ankle --- gait change --- gastrocnemius muscle stiffness --- anabolic steroids --- gym members --- male --- gym --- abuse --- resistance exercise --- blood flow restriction --- blood flow restriction exercise --- injury experience --- jump inside kick --- static muscle contractility --- dynamic muscle contractility --- ankle plantarflexor

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Jöbsis was the first to describe the in vivo application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), also called diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). NIRS was originally designed for the clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and today it has also become a useful tool for neuroimaging studies (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS). However, difficulties in the selective and quantitative measurements of tissue hemoglobin (Hb), which have been central in the NIRS field for over 40 years, remain to be solved. To overcome these problems, time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) measurements have been tried. Presently, a wide range of NIRS instruments are available, including commonly available commercial instruments for continuous wave (CW) measurements, based on the modified Beer–Lambert law (steady-state domain measurements). Among these measurements, the TD measurement is the most promising approach, although compared with CW and FD measurements, TD measurements are less common, due to the need for large and expensive instruments with poor temporal resolution and limited dynamic range. However, thanks to technological developments, TD measurements are increasingly being used in research, and also in various clinical settings. This Special Issue highlights issues at the cutting edge of TD DOS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). It covers all aspects related to TD measurements, including advances in hardware, methodology, the theory of light propagation, and clinical applications.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- breast cancer --- diffuse optical spectroscopy --- chemotherapy --- time-domain spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- radiative transfer equation --- diffusion equation --- biological tissue --- time-domain instruments --- light propagation in tissue --- optical properties of tissue --- diffuse optical tomography --- fluorescence diffuse optical tomography --- time-resolved spectroscopy --- NIRS --- diffuse optics --- time-domain --- time-resolved --- brain oxygenation --- tissue saturation --- scattering --- absorption --- 3-hour sitting --- near infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- compression stocking --- tissue oxygenation --- extracellular water --- intracellular water --- circumference --- gastrocnemius --- neonate --- vaginal delivery --- cerebral blood volume --- cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation --- near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- near infrared spectroscopy --- aging --- prefrontal cortex --- TRS --- magnetic resonance imaging --- brain atrophy --- VSRAD --- optical pathlength --- hemoglobin --- cognitive function --- time-domain NIRS --- null source-detector separation --- brain --- noninvasive --- subcutaneous white adipose tissue --- tissue total hemoglobin --- diffuse light --- inverse problems --- optical tomography --- inverse problem --- datatypes --- diffusion approximation --- highly forward scattering of photons --- diffusion and delta-Eddington approximations --- characteristic length and time scales of photon transport --- n/a

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Jöbsis was the first to describe the in vivo application of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), also called diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). NIRS was originally designed for the clinical monitoring of tissue oxygenation, and today it has also become a useful tool for neuroimaging studies (functional near-infrared spectroscopy, fNIRS). However, difficulties in the selective and quantitative measurements of tissue hemoglobin (Hb), which have been central in the NIRS field for over 40 years, remain to be solved. To overcome these problems, time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) measurements have been tried. Presently, a wide range of NIRS instruments are available, including commonly available commercial instruments for continuous wave (CW) measurements, based on the modified Beer–Lambert law (steady-state domain measurements). Among these measurements, the TD measurement is the most promising approach, although compared with CW and FD measurements, TD measurements are less common, due to the need for large and expensive instruments with poor temporal resolution and limited dynamic range. However, thanks to technological developments, TD measurements are increasingly being used in research, and also in various clinical settings. This Special Issue highlights issues at the cutting edge of TD DOS and diffuse optical tomography (DOT). It covers all aspects related to TD measurements, including advances in hardware, methodology, the theory of light propagation, and clinical applications.

Medicine --- Neurosciences --- breast cancer --- diffuse optical spectroscopy --- chemotherapy --- time-domain spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- radiative transfer equation --- diffusion equation --- biological tissue --- time-domain instruments --- light propagation in tissue --- optical properties of tissue --- diffuse optical tomography --- fluorescence diffuse optical tomography --- time-resolved spectroscopy --- NIRS --- diffuse optics --- time-domain --- time-resolved --- brain oxygenation --- tissue saturation --- scattering --- absorption --- 3-hour sitting --- near infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- compression stocking --- tissue oxygenation --- extracellular water --- intracellular water --- circumference --- gastrocnemius --- neonate --- vaginal delivery --- cerebral blood volume --- cerebral hemoglobin oxygen saturation --- near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy --- near infrared spectroscopy --- aging --- prefrontal cortex --- TRS --- magnetic resonance imaging --- brain atrophy --- VSRAD --- optical pathlength --- hemoglobin --- cognitive function --- time-domain NIRS --- null source-detector separation --- brain --- noninvasive --- subcutaneous white adipose tissue --- tissue total hemoglobin --- diffuse light --- inverse problems --- optical tomography --- inverse problem --- datatypes --- diffusion approximation --- highly forward scattering of photons --- diffusion and delta-Eddington approximations --- characteristic length and time scales of photon transport