Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The Enhanced Oil Recovery Series delivers a multivolume approach that addresses the latest research on various types of EOR. The second volume in the series, Gas Injection Methods, helps engineers focus on the latest developments in one of the fastest growing areas. Different techniques are described in addition to the latest technology such as data mining and unconventional reservoirs. Supported field case studies are included to show a bridge between research and practical application, making it useful for both academics and practicing engineers. Structured to start with an introduction on various gas types and different gas injection methods, screening criteria for choosing gas injection method, and environmental issues during gas injection methods, the editors then advance on to more complex content, guiding the engineer into newer topics involving CO2 such as injection in tight oil reservoirs, shale oil reservoirs, carbonated water, data mining, and formation damage. Supported by a full spectrum of contributors, this book gives petroleum engineers and researchers the latest research developments and field applications to drive innovation for the future.

Oil wells --- Gas lift. --- Hydraulic fracturing. --- Hydraulic fracturing --- Oil fields --- Acid gas injection --- Cycling, Gas (Oil wells) --- Gas cycling (Oil wells) --- Gas injection (Oil wells) --- Gas-lift (Petroleum) --- Gas reinjection (Oil wells) --- Injection, Acid gas (Oil wells) --- Injection, Gas (Oil wells) --- Petroleum --- Reinjection (Oil wells) --- Secondary recovery of oil --- Gas lift pumps --- Production methods --- Pumping --- Artificial lift --- Gas lift pumps.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book presents guidelines for the design, operation and monitoring of CO2 injection in fractured carbonates, with low permeability in the rock matrix, for geological storage in permanent trapping. CO2 migration is dominated by fractures in formations where the hydrodynamic and geochemical effects induced by the injection play a key role influencing the reservoir behavior. CO2 injection in these rocks shows specific characteristics that are different to injection in porous media, as the results from several research studies worldwide reveal. All aspects of a project of this type are discussed in this text, from the drilling to the injection, as well as support works like well logging, laboratory and field tests, modeling, and risk assessment. Examples are provided, lesson learned is detailed, and conclusions are drawn. This work is derived from the experience of international research teams and particularly from that gained during the design, construction and operation of Hontomín Technology Development Plant. Hontomín research pilot is currently the only active onshore injection site in the European Union, operated by Fundación Ciudad de la Energía-CIUDEN F.S.P. and recognized by the European Parliament as a key test facility. The authors provide guidelines and tools to enable readers to find solutions to their problems. The book covers activities relevant to a wide range of practitioners involved in reservoir exploration, modeling, site operation and monitoring. Fluid injection in fractured media shows specific features that are different than injection in porous media, influencing the reservoir behavior and defining conditions for safe and efficient operation. Therefore, this book is also useful to professionals working on oil & gas, hydrogeology and geothermal projects, and in general for those whose work is related to activities using fluid injection in the ground.

Fossil fuels. --- Geotechnical engineering. --- Engineering geology. --- Engineering—Geology. --- Foundations. --- Hydraulics. --- Fossil Fuels (incl. Carbon Capture). --- Geotechnical Engineering & Applied Earth Sciences. --- Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics. --- Fossil energy --- Fuel --- Energy minerals --- Flow of water --- Water --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulic engineering --- Jets --- Architecture --- Building --- Structural engineering --- Underground construction --- Caissons --- Earthwork --- Masonry --- Soil consolidation --- Soil mechanics --- Walls --- Engineering --- Civil engineering --- Geology, Economic --- Engineering, Geotechnical --- Geotechnics --- Geotechnology --- Engineering geology --- Flow --- Distribution --- Details --- Geology --- Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery. --- Oil wells --- Carbonate reservoirs. --- Gas lift. --- Reservoirs, Carbonate --- Hydrocarbon reservoirs --- Acid gas injection --- Cycling, Gas (Oil wells) --- Gas cycling (Oil wells) --- Gas injection (Oil wells) --- Gas-lift (Petroleum) --- Gas reinjection (Oil wells) --- Injection, Acid gas (Oil wells) --- Injection, Gas (Oil wells) --- Petroleum --- Reinjection (Oil wells) --- Secondary recovery of oil --- Gas lift pumps --- Enhanced oil recovery --- Pumping --- Artificial lift

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Bioenergy is renewable energy obtained from biomass—any organic material that has stored sunlight in the form of chemical energy. Biogas is among the biofuels that can be obtained from biomass resources, including biodegradable wastes like manure, sewage sludge, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, slaughterhouse waste, crop residues, and more recently lignocellulosic biomass and algae. Within the framework of the circular economy, biogas production from biodegradable waste is particularly interesting, as it helps to save resources while reducing environmental pollution. Besides, lignocellulosic biomass and algae do not compete for arable land with food crops (in contrast with energy crops). Hence, they constitute a novel source of biomass for bioenergy.Biogas plants may involve both high-tech and low-tech digesters, ranging from industrial-scale plants to small-scale farms and even households. They pose an alternative for decentralized bioenergy production in rural areas. Indeed, the biogas produced can be used in heaters, engines, combined heat and power units, and even cookstoves at the household level. Notwithstanding, digesters are considered to be a sustainable technology that can improve the living conditions of farmers by covering energy needs and boosting nutrient recycling. Thanks to their technical, socio-economic, and environmental benefits, rural biogas plants have been spreading around the world since the 1970s, with a large focus on farm-based systems and households. However, several challenges still need to be overcome in order to improve the technology and financial viability.

Mixing --- optimised --- household digester --- Chinese dome digester (CDD) --- self-agitation --- blank --- mixing --- Chinese dome digester --- impeller mixed digester --- unstirred digester --- hydraulically mixed --- total solids (TS) concentration --- plug-flow reactor --- anaerobic digestion --- animal manures --- biogas --- unconfined gas injection mixing --- mixing recirculation --- biomethane potential tests --- Italy --- manure --- energy crops --- agriculture residues --- digestate --- biochemical methane potential --- micro-aeration --- iron --- bioenergy --- H2S scrubber --- methane --- fermentation --- dairy --- poultry --- absorbent --- ammonia --- inhibition --- acclimatization --- trace elements --- anaerobic treatment --- energy assessment --- rural sanitation --- sludge --- wastewater --- agricultural runoff --- biomethane --- biorefinery --- microalgae --- photobioreactor --- pretreatment --- low cost digester --- psychrophilic anaerobic digestion --- thermal behavior --- anaerobic co-digestion --- slaughterhouse wastewater --- synergistic effects --- kinetic modeling --- biodegradability

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The world steel industry is strongly based on coal/coke in ironmaking, resulting in huge carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to approximately 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As the world is experiencing a period of imminent threat owing to climate change, the steel industry is also facing a tremendous challenge in next decades. This themed issue makes a survey on the current situation of steel production, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, as well as cross-sections of the potential methods to decrease CO2 emissions in current processes via improved energy and materials efficiency, increasing recycling, utilizing alternative energy sources, and adopting CO2 capture and storage. The current state, problems and plans in the two biggest steel producing countries, China and India are introduced. Generally contemplating, incremental improvements in current processes play a key role in rapid mitigation of specific emissions, but finally they are insufficient when striving for carbon neutral production in the long run. Then hydrogen and electrification are the apparent solutions also to iron and steel production. The book gives a holistic overview of the current situation and challenges, and an inclusive compilation of the potential technologies and solutions for the global CO2 emissions problem.

Technology: general issues --- ironmaking --- carbon emissions --- energy consumption --- flash ironmaking process --- alternate ironmaking processes --- direct reduction --- smelting reduction --- iron ore concentrate --- natural gas --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- digital transformation --- steel industry --- digital skills --- industrial restructuring --- carbon emission --- technology upgrade --- steel --- environment --- mining --- production --- circular economy --- lean and frugal design --- ecology transition --- climate change --- pollution --- toxicology --- metals --- metallic products --- environmental impact --- carbon capture and storage --- CO2 mineralization --- steelmaking slags --- nanoparticles --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- by-products --- industrial symbiosis --- reuse --- recycling --- CO2 mitigation --- hydrogen --- kinetics --- fossil-free steel --- hydrogen direct-reduced iron (H2DRI) --- melting of H2DRI in EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) --- hydrogen production by water electrolysis --- hydrogen storage --- grid balancing --- renewable electricity --- climate warming --- carbon footprint --- energy saving --- emissions mitigation --- electricity generation --- hydrogen in steelmaking --- steel vision --- mini blast furnace --- charcoal --- mathematical model --- gas injection --- kinetic models --- self-reducing burden --- iron ore --- coking coal --- DRI --- scrap --- blue dust --- decarbonization --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The world steel industry is strongly based on coal/coke in ironmaking, resulting in huge carbon dioxide emissions corresponding to approximately 7% of the total anthropogenic CO2 emissions. As the world is experiencing a period of imminent threat owing to climate change, the steel industry is also facing a tremendous challenge in next decades. This themed issue makes a survey on the current situation of steel production, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions, as well as cross-sections of the potential methods to decrease CO2 emissions in current processes via improved energy and materials efficiency, increasing recycling, utilizing alternative energy sources, and adopting CO2 capture and storage. The current state, problems and plans in the two biggest steel producing countries, China and India are introduced. Generally contemplating, incremental improvements in current processes play a key role in rapid mitigation of specific emissions, but finally they are insufficient when striving for carbon neutral production in the long run. Then hydrogen and electrification are the apparent solutions also to iron and steel production. The book gives a holistic overview of the current situation and challenges, and an inclusive compilation of the potential technologies and solutions for the global CO2 emissions problem.

Technology: general issues --- ironmaking --- carbon emissions --- energy consumption --- flash ironmaking process --- alternate ironmaking processes --- direct reduction --- smelting reduction --- iron ore concentrate --- natural gas --- digitalization --- digital technologies --- digital transformation --- steel industry --- digital skills --- industrial restructuring --- carbon emission --- technology upgrade --- steel --- environment --- mining --- production --- circular economy --- lean and frugal design --- ecology transition --- climate change --- pollution --- toxicology --- metals --- metallic products --- environmental impact --- carbon capture and storage --- CO2 mineralization --- steelmaking slags --- nanoparticles --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- by-products --- industrial symbiosis --- reuse --- recycling --- CO2 mitigation --- hydrogen --- kinetics --- fossil-free steel --- hydrogen direct-reduced iron (H2DRI) --- melting of H2DRI in EAF (Electric Arc Furnace) --- hydrogen production by water electrolysis --- hydrogen storage --- grid balancing --- renewable electricity --- climate warming --- carbon footprint --- energy saving --- emissions mitigation --- electricity generation --- hydrogen in steelmaking --- steel vision --- mini blast furnace --- charcoal --- mathematical model --- gas injection --- kinetic models --- self-reducing burden --- iron ore --- coking coal --- DRI --- scrap --- blue dust --- decarbonization