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Natural Antioxidants: Innovative Extraction and Application in Foods compiles comprehensive information and recent findings on the extraction of antioxidants from different natural resources and investigates their application in food. The book focuses on different sources of natural antioxidants such as the Hypochaeris and Hyoseris species, pomegranate seed oil, thyme, hemp, coriander, olive mill wastewaters, the edible mushroom Hericium erinaceus, Brewer’s spent grain, broccoli byproducts, cardoon, and Norway spruce bark. Moreover, the effect of different treatments such as blanching, microwave exposure, roasting, and enzymatic browning on the phytochemical content and bioactivity of the extracts is also addressed. Readers will find valuable insights into the impact of extraction methodologies on the bioactivity of the extracts, along with an understanding of the vast potential of natural extracts for the quality of food products. Readership Food and nutrition researchers, health professionals, nutritionists, and food science and chemistry students

supercritical fluid extraction --- pressurized liquid extraction --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- trans-resveratrol --- Norway spruce bark --- shelf life --- byproducts --- fresh pasta --- vegetable extracts --- antimicrobial activity --- wood waste --- phenolic profile --- planar chromatography --- DPPH-HPTLC assay --- Cynara cardunculus L. --- cardoon leaves --- by-products --- antioxidant activity --- ferulic acid --- brewer’s spent grain --- alkaline hydrolysis --- adsorption --- synthetic resin --- macroporous resin XAD-7HP --- olive mill wastewaters --- oxidative stability --- polyphenols --- sunflower oil --- enzymatic browning --- antioxidant compounds --- Hericium erinaceus --- mushroom metabolites --- polyphenol oxidase --- tyrosinase --- laccase --- natural inhibitor --- selenomethionine --- green coffee --- acrylamide --- Arabica --- Robusta --- Maillard reaction --- selenium uptake --- pretreatment --- ultrasound assisted extraction—UAE --- rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction—RSLDE --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry—GC-MS --- antioxidants --- C. sativa --- T. vulgaris --- C. sativum --- pomegranate seeds --- oil --- microwave pretreatment --- total phenolic content --- antioxidant capacity --- Hyoseris radiata --- Hyoseris taurina --- Hypochaeris laevigata --- Hypochaeris radicata --- phytochemicals --- obesity --- diabetes type 2 --- n/a --- brewer's spent grain --- ultrasound assisted extraction-UAE --- rapid solid-liquid dynamic extraction-RSLDE --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-GC-MS

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Microalgae are photosynthetic organisms with the ability to sequester and convert atmospheric carbon dioxide into high-value bioactives, and are therefore seen as a renewable and sustainable bioresource in the fields of biofuels, aquaculture and animal feeds, bioremediation of waste, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, cosmeceuticals and agriculture. Moreover, algae can adjust their metabolism according to surrounding growth conditions, and this metabolic flexibility can be exploited in industrial biotechnology with genetic and metabolic engineering, when compared to other photosynthetic organisms. The metabolome is the result of the combined effects of genetic and environmental influences on metabolic processes. Metabolomic studies can provide a global view of metabolism and thereby improve our understanding of the underlying biology. Advances in metabolomic technologies have shown utility for elucidating the mechanisms which underlie fundamental biological processes, including disease pathology. This book represents research papers based around metabolomics, to improve knowledge on the metabolome and metabolism in algae, with a focus on carbon and nitrogen resource allocation. It also describes many bioanalytical techniques and emphasizes their usefulness in microalgal biotechnology. Other aspects from an ecological, biotechnological and waste-water remediation perspective are also covered.

microalgae --- cell disruption --- ultraviolet light --- biodiesel --- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii --- Dunaliella salina --- Micractinium inermum --- metabolomics --- quenching --- gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- Arthrospira platensis C1 --- bioethanol --- cyanobacteria --- genome-scale metabolic model --- glycogen --- polar lipids --- Chlorella sp. --- LC-MS --- nutrient limitation --- genetic transformation --- carotenoid --- CRTI --- phytoene desaturase --- C. fritschii --- UV-B --- PAR --- time-series --- intracellular --- extracellular --- metabolites --- GC–MS --- algae --- copper --- FT-IR --- metabolite fingerprinting --- pathway analysis --- TEM --- synchronisation --- bioassay --- biomarker --- key event --- adverse outcome pathway --- Euglena --- central metabolic pathway --- subcellular location --- chromatic adaptation --- LED --- far-red light --- growth --- photosynthesis --- mass cultivation --- pigments --- Chlorogloeopsis

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Sterols and other isoprenoids are of great interest for their molecular structure and function in cell architecture and evolution, as well as for their importance in medicine and agriculture. Molecules’ 2019 Festschrift Special Issue in honor of the 65th birthday of Prof. W. David Nes, an internationally recognized chemical biologist and recipient of the George Schroepher medal for sterol research, focuses on recent developments in the chemistry, biosynthesis, and function of these polycyclic natural products. This volume of Molecules contains 16 leading-edge review articles and original research contributions from an international cast of scientists. This volume is grouped into three sections: (i) isoprenoid metabolome and diversity, (ii) clinical evaluation of sterol and triterpene structures and biosynthesis, and (iii) methods and synthesis of steroids and other compounds. The volume will be a valuable reference tool for those who study medicinal chemistry, protein chemistry, and biochemistry of isoprenoid lipids.

high-fat high-carbohydrate diet --- toxicity --- oxysterol --- n/a --- squalene cyclase --- sterol content --- sterolomics --- Polystichum --- Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome --- antifungals --- alkaloid --- cycloartenol synthase --- degeneration --- phytosterol --- Rhizopus arrhizus --- fibroblasts --- pod-blast --- fern --- cholesterol --- cytotoxic activity --- N-methylpiperidine. reductive deamination --- genetic disease --- isoprenoid --- steroid --- atherosclerosis --- granatane --- antioxidant --- wound healing --- development --- enzyme-assisted derivatization --- maturity --- terpene --- keratinocytes --- C4-demethylation complex (C4DMC) --- ?-sitosterol --- mesocarp --- sterol biosynthesis --- mechanism-based inactivators --- Mucorales --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- Girard reagent --- ROS --- sterol pattern --- N-methylcadaverine --- ?-tocopherol --- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry --- human African trypanosomiasis --- HUVECs --- lipidomics --- campesterol --- triterpene --- oxyphytosterol --- leishmania --- Chagas disease --- LOX-1 --- sterol C24-methyltransferase --- antifungal effectivity --- ergosterol biosynthesis --- hormone --- glucose homeostasis --- retina --- solanaceae --- cholestanoic acid --- algal sterols --- cell migration --- withanolides --- insulin resistance --- Zingiber officinale --- posaconazole --- synthesis --- pre-diabetes --- pharmacognosy --- sterol --- 4-methylsterol --- oleanolic acid --- antiparasitic drugs --- lupeol --- oilseed --- aurelianolides --- divalent metal co-factor ligation --- bile alcohol --- phytosterols --- azoles --- infectious disease --- gingerols --- UV-radiation --- oil bodies --- ZnO --- sterol 14?-demethylase --- stigmasterol

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In the field of Analytical Chemistry and, in particular, whenever a quali-quantitative analysis is required, until a few years ago, reference was made exclusively to instrumental methods (more or less hyphenated) which, once validated, were able to provide the answers to the questions present, even if only in a limited way to analytical targets. Nowadays, the landscape has become considerably complicated (natural adulterants, assessment of geographical origin, sophistication, need for non-destructive analysis, search for often unknown compounds), and new procedures for processing data have greatly increased the potential of analyses that are conducted (even routinely) in the laboratory. In this scenario, chemometrics is master, able to manage and process a huge amount of information based both on data relating only to the analytes of interest, but also by applying “general” procedures to process raw untargeted analysis data. It is within this strand of analysis that many of the works reported in this Special Issue fall. In the succession of works in this printed version, the criterion that guided us was to highlight how—starting exclusively from chromatographic techniques (HPLC and GC) with conventional detectors and moving to exclusively spectroscopic techniques (MS, FT-IR and Raman)—it is possible arrive at extremely powerful coupled techniques and procedures (HPLC and FT-IR) able to meet research needs. Finally, at the end of the printed volume, there are two reviews that surveying the state of the art regarding the assessment of authenticity through qualitative analyses and the application of chemometrics in the pharmaceutical field in the study of forced drug degradation products. From the succession of works (and, above all, from the various application fields) it can immediately be seen how the application of chemometrics and its procedures to both raw and processed data is a powerful means of obtaining robust, reproducible, and predictive information. In this manner, it is possible to create models able to explain and respond to the original problem in a much more detailed way. , and Honghe through Fourier transform mid infrared (FT-MIR) spectra combined with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), random forest (RF), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) methods. Melucci and collaborators apply chemometric approaches to non-destructive analysis of ATR-FT-IR for the determination of biosilica content. This value was directly evaluated in sediment samples, without any chemical alteration, using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, and the quantification was performed by combining the multivariate standard addition method (MSAM) with the net analyte signal (NAS) procedure to solve the strong matrix effect of sediment samples. Still in the food and food supplements field, Anguebes-Franseschi and collaborators report an article where 10 chemometric models based on Raman spectroscopy were applied to predict the physicochemical properties of honey produced in the state of Campeche, Mexico.

Medicine --- Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis --- multivariate analysis --- chemometrics --- Fourier transform infrared --- amino acids --- reversed-phase liquid chromatography --- gradient elution --- retention prediction --- artificial neural network --- Macrohyporia cocos --- data fusion --- liquid chromatography --- fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- partial least squares discriminant analysis --- authentication --- Gastrodia elata tuber --- quality evaluation --- HPLC --- QAMS --- Ranae Oviductus --- identification --- protein --- RP-HPLC --- fingerprint --- fish and seafood --- food authentication --- fingerprinting --- wild and farmed --- geographical origin --- vibrational spectroscopy --- absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- hyperspectral imaging --- saffron --- adulteration --- food authenticity --- gas-chromatography --- eupatorin --- UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS --- metabolism --- in vivo and in vitro --- rat liver microsomes --- rat intestinal flora --- untargeted metabolomics --- PARAFAC2 --- alignment --- gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) --- prostate carcinoma --- forced degradation --- degradation products --- stress test --- diatoms --- biogenic silica --- ATR-FTIR --- NAS --- quality control --- Raman spectroscopy --- honey --- PLS regression models --- physicochemical parameters

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This book consists of 12 original research articles and one comprehensive review from invited chemists from around the world covering different fields of chemistry. The article on analytical chemistry features the analysis of highly polar metabolites in biological fluids, the determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with a gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry, and the synthesis of MoS2 nanostructures for the production of near-infrared photodetectors. The environmental chemistry articles include discussions on weekly and longitudinal elemental variability in hair samples, use of bottom ash as a stabilizing agent, the removal of phosphorus from the effluent of a paper company, and the chemistry and consequences of arsenic contamination of groundwater. Polymer/coating chemistry coverage includes the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers into cementitious-based composite materials, the use of licorice root extracts for edible coatings and postharvest quality improvement, and the use of mucin-grafted polyethylene glycol-based micro- for the oral delivery of insulin. The reported research on nanomaterials chemistry covers the synthesis of ZnO-doped ceria nanorods made up of CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides, and the production of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic bonded joints with novel carbon nanotube (CNT) adhesive films. A final paper on flavonol chemistry utilizes LC-MS/MS to investigate the stability of four common types of dietary flavonols.

carbon nanotubes --- aging --- structural health monitoring --- water uptake --- adhesive film --- surfactant --- insulin --- mucin --- polyethylene glycol --- microparticles --- toxicology --- biomass production --- Chlorella vulgaris --- microalgae --- nutrients removal --- paper industry effluent --- effluent treatment --- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) --- urine --- doping analysis --- dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) --- gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) --- sewage sludge disposal --- municipal solid waste --- co-combustion --- fly ash --- bottom ash --- heavy metal stabilization --- polar amino acids --- mixed cationic-RP column --- LC-HRMS --- BMAA --- TMAO --- flavonols --- H2O2 --- saliva --- metabolism --- oxidation --- LC-MS/MS --- CeO2/ZnO mixed oxides --- zinc oxide --- ceria nanorods --- oxygen storage capacity --- CO oxidation --- licorice --- chitosan --- edible coating --- strawberry shelf life --- rheological properties --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- mechanical properties --- microstructure --- self-healing --- SAP --- microCT --- cementitious materials --- mortar --- hairs --- variability --- week --- longitudinal --- element --- metals --- INAA --- occupational exposure --- unexposed subject --- MoS2 --- microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis --- low-cost photosensors --- arsenic --- groundwater --- contamination --- water quality --- domestic filter systems --- health effects --- treatment methods --- Bangladesh --- n/a --- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)