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ore geology --- energy resource deposits --- economic geology --- mineral economics --- ore and gangue mineralogy --- petrology

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Coal mining continues to make advances, especially in the areas of safety and environmental protection as a result of mining. This book contains nine peer-reviewed articles on green coal mining that address most of the important issues associated with improving coal mining. These issues include the protection of water above coal mines, both surface and ground water, and the subsidence that occurs during and after mining with methods to limit it and methods of rehabilitation. Additional issues include mine entry and production area support and methods to control gas emissions.

History of engineering & technology --- decision making --- management --- mines --- multi-criteria analysis --- project --- risk --- restoration --- coal gangue --- geopolymer --- mechanical activation --- thermal activation --- mechanical property --- microstructure --- water protection --- water-conservation coal mining (WCCM) --- influencing factors --- “five maps --- three zones --- and two zoning plans” --- water conductive fractured zone (WCFZ) --- acoustic emission (AE) --- coal --- deep mining --- mining layouts --- lignite --- reclamation --- rehabilitation --- land use --- decision-making --- optimisation --- sustainability --- longwall coal mining --- ground control --- subsidence --- uplift --- surface movement --- radar-interferometry --- long-term behavior --- sustainable mining --- Belgium --- foamed concrete --- orthogonal experiment --- optimum mix --- coal mine goaf --- gas isolation --- longwall mining --- weak geological condition --- gate-entry stability --- remaining coal thickness --- wooden cribs --- gangue --- load-displacement characteristics --- pressure-compressibility characteristics

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Coal mining continues to make advances, especially in the areas of safety and environmental protection as a result of mining. This book contains nine peer-reviewed articles on green coal mining that address most of the important issues associated with improving coal mining. These issues include the protection of water above coal mines, both surface and ground water, and the subsidence that occurs during and after mining with methods to limit it and methods of rehabilitation. Additional issues include mine entry and production area support and methods to control gas emissions.

History of engineering & technology --- decision making --- management --- mines --- multi-criteria analysis --- project --- risk --- restoration --- coal gangue --- geopolymer --- mechanical activation --- thermal activation --- mechanical property --- microstructure --- water protection --- water-conservation coal mining (WCCM) --- influencing factors --- “five maps --- three zones --- and two zoning plans” --- water conductive fractured zone (WCFZ) --- acoustic emission (AE) --- coal --- deep mining --- mining layouts --- lignite --- reclamation --- rehabilitation --- land use --- decision-making --- optimisation --- sustainability --- longwall coal mining --- ground control --- subsidence --- uplift --- surface movement --- radar-interferometry --- long-term behavior --- sustainable mining --- Belgium --- foamed concrete --- orthogonal experiment --- optimum mix --- coal mine goaf --- gas isolation --- longwall mining --- weak geological condition --- gate-entry stability --- remaining coal thickness --- wooden cribs --- gangue --- load-displacement characteristics --- pressure-compressibility characteristics --- decision making --- management --- mines --- multi-criteria analysis --- project --- risk --- restoration --- coal gangue --- geopolymer --- mechanical activation --- thermal activation --- mechanical property --- microstructure --- water protection --- water-conservation coal mining (WCCM) --- influencing factors --- “five maps --- three zones --- and two zoning plans” --- water conductive fractured zone (WCFZ) --- acoustic emission (AE) --- coal --- deep mining --- mining layouts --- lignite --- reclamation --- rehabilitation --- land use --- decision-making --- optimisation --- sustainability --- longwall coal mining --- ground control --- subsidence --- uplift --- surface movement --- radar-interferometry --- long-term behavior --- sustainable mining --- Belgium --- foamed concrete --- orthogonal experiment --- optimum mix --- coal mine goaf --- gas isolation --- longwall mining --- weak geological condition --- gate-entry stability --- remaining coal thickness --- wooden cribs --- gangue --- load-displacement characteristics --- pressure-compressibility characteristics

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The problem of rock mechanics and engineering is an old and new subject encountered by human beings in their struggle with nature for survival and development. To call it ancient means that it has a long history; however, speaking of it as brand-new refers to the continuous emergence of new problems and new situations in engineering practice, which is quite challenging. With the development of human engineering activities, the issues surrounding rock engineering are becoming more and more prominent, and the problems encountered are becoming more and more complex. In the practice of solving complex rock engineering, human beings have summarized many topics that are difficult to explain or solve with classical mechanics.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- kaolin --- cemented coal gangue-fly ash backfill sample --- mechanical properties --- macroscopic failure --- microstructure --- non-pillar coal mining --- crushed rocks --- compression test --- deformation characteristics --- lateral stress --- tunnel through fault --- concrete lining structure --- fault dislocation --- seismic deterioration effect --- dynamic contact force --- seismic damage analysis --- directions of incident waves --- slope topography --- amplification effects --- ground motions --- equivalent nodal forces --- tight sandstone gas reservoirs --- rock-physics template --- Biot–Rayleigh theory --- total porosity --- microcrack porosity --- n/a --- Biot-Rayleigh theory

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Various scientific events are being held around the world under the auspices of this landmark event, the Year of Mineralogy, and it is highly satisfying that this Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” is published in 2022. The first volume of the “Mineralogical Crystallography” Special Issue [1] consisted of such topics as: Discovery of new mineral species; Crystal chemistry of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Behavior of minerals at non-ambient conditions; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques, and appeared to be very fruitful. The Special Issue “Mineralogical Crystallography Volume II” covers the following topics: Crystal chemistry and properties of minerals and their synthetic analogs; Gemology; Natural-based cement materials; Biomineralogy; and Crystal growth techniques. Additionally, we hope that this continuation will be just as successful, and that the new set of papers will again arouse genuine interest among readers and, perhaps, inspire them in their own successful research. We also believe that with the current collection of papers, we will be able to pay tribute to the union of Mineralogy and Crystallography.

Research & information: general --- uranyl --- carbonate --- mineral --- crystal structure --- topology --- structural complexity --- bentonite --- mordenite --- smectite --- pozzolanicity test --- cement --- concrete --- shchurovskyite --- synthesis --- X-ray diffraction --- oxocentered tetrahedra --- Barite --- hydrothermal synthesis --- typomorphic characteristics --- in-situ mixing solutions at high temperature --- high iron and quartz contents coal gangue --- acid leaching --- alkali melting --- hydrothermal reaction --- NaA zeolite --- fluorite --- pozzolan --- mortar --- mechanical strength --- reduction of CO2 emissions --- hydroxyapatite composite --- spinel --- beverage cans --- bovine bones --- lorenzenite --- perovskite --- loparite --- titanite --- apatite --- carbonates --- Khibiny --- Lovozero --- Kovdor --- Afrikanda --- alkaline intrusions --- NF Fennoscandia --- glass-ceramics --- phase separation --- nucleation --- crystallization --- microstructure --- gahnite --- gold nanoparticles --- surface plasmon resonance --- plasmonics --- ivanyukite --- lintisite --- SIV --- AM-4 --- sorption --- lead --- ion-exchange --- titanosilicate --- Arctic --- channel-water --- X-ray fluorescence --- infrared spectroscopy --- UV–vis spectroscopy --- transition metal ions --- self-healing concrete --- calcium nitrate --- mineralization reaction --- cracks --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- kaolinite --- dickite --- OH group --- forsterite --- boron --- spectroscopy --- orthoclase crystal --- ultra-microchannel --- water --- feldspar alteration --- sericitization --- gemological --- mineralogical --- greenish blue apatite --- fluorapatite --- n/a --- UV-vis spectroscopy