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The consumer is more and more concerned about nutrition and about the impact of food products development on health. In this context, the market of functional food is growing up for a few years, and a lot of health claims have been proposed by the industry. In order to legislate, the European Union adopted a regulation on the use of health claims which first aim is to protect the consumer. This new regulation imposes strong constraints to the industry concerning the scientific justification of the health claims they are using. We have focused our research on the role of nutrients able to modulate the gut microbiota with beneficial consequences for host health. By questioning the “Groupe Danone”, it is obvious that a company of that size has been working for many years in the spirit of the new regulation. But, if that regulation on health claims will not compromise such a big company that developed nutrition research activities to support health claims development, is it also the case for small and medium enterprises (SME)? The question is whether or not the high costs generated by the introduction of this new regulation will slow down innovation's efforts. In order to help them, the European Union envisages tools to assist SME in that process.
The future will tell us if this new regulation allows really protect the consumer, is in accordance with the future development of “evidence-based nutrition” and if the SME can share that market with the big companies Le consommateur se préoccupe de plus en plus de son alimentation et de l’impact qu’elle peut avoir sur la santé. C’est dans ce contexte que le marché des aliments fonctionnels s’est considérablement développé ces dernières années, multipliant ainsi les allégations santé qui en sont issues. Afin de légiférer en la matière, l’Union Européenne a adopté il y a peu un règlement concernant l’acceptation des allégations santé dont le premier objectif est de protéger le consommateur. Ce nouveau règlement impose des contraintes assez strictes aux industriels en ce qui concerne la justification scientifique des allégations de santé qu’ils proposent. Nous avons analysé les avancées en recherche dans le domaine des aliments fonctionnels dont le mécanisme d’action est basé sur la modulation du microbiote intestinal (prébiotiques et probiotiques). En interrogeant le Groupe Danone, nous avons pu remarquer qu’une entreprise de son ampleur est tout à fait préparée, depuis de nombreuses années, à l’application de ce nouveau règlement. Si l’entrée en vigueur du règlement relatif aux allégations santé ne bouleversera pas des entreprises d’envergure internationale, qu’en est-il des PME ? Leurs efforts d’innovation ne vont-ils pas être freinés par les coûts importants que va engendrer l’introduction de ce règlement ? Afin de les aider, l’Europe a cependant prévu des outils pour leur venir en aide dans cette démarche.
L’avenir nous dira si cette nouvelle réglementation permet de continuer à soutenir une recherche de pointe et d’excellence en nutrition humaine, basée sur l’évidence scientifique (« evidence-based nutrition »), porteuse pour la santé et respectant la protection du consommateur

Nutrition --- Functional Food --- Consumer Participation --- Intestinal Diseases --- Health Food

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Altered metabolism is known to be associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Diabetes type 2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for the development of dementias, including AD. These metabolic diseases may have a genetic predisposition, but most of them are caused by environmental factors and life-style. Most research has focused on the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sweetened beverages that induce obesity. Importantly, a HFD can also trigger oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline. Less is known, however, about beneficial effects of diet on cognition, such as slowing the progression or preventing AD by ingesting whole fruits, vegetables, fish and oil. It is important to highlight the difference between vitamin/mineral supplements and whole food, as it appears that the former are clinically ineffective, while multiple ingredients in the latter act synergistically to improve cognition. As AD is a disease of slow progression, therapies should start several decades before clinical symptoms can be observed; one strategy can be the ingestion of healthy food in those subjects with one or more risk factors (genetic, environmental, life-style) already in their 40s, just when some brain metabolic disturbances start to develop. This dietary therapy can overcome the increased reactive oxygen species, protein deposition and synaptic failure, characteristic of AD. This research topic will cover a range of research articles, case studies, opinion and mini-reviews, all focused on describing the damaging effects of an industrial diet on cognition as well as on highlighting the beneficial effects of a healthy diet to prevent AD. We believe that we still have time to fight against the negative impact of our industrialized cultures, and adopt better eating habits, increase exercise and slow down our life style to prevent increasing dementia in the aging population. Also, all these topics has been a product of intensives investigations, with a great life hope, and we hope you all enjoy reading this e-book.

Diet --- biomarkers --- Aging --- diagnosis --- Cognition --- Minerals --- Functional Food --- Vitamins --- Dementia

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Altered metabolism is known to be associated with a higher incidence of Alzheimer´s disease (AD). Diabetes type 2, obesity, and metabolic syndrome are considered risk factors for the development of dementias, including AD. These metabolic diseases may have a genetic predisposition, but most of them are caused by environmental factors and life-style. Most research has focused on the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) and sweetened beverages that induce obesity. Importantly, a HFD can also trigger oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation and cognitive decline. Less is known, however, about beneficial effects of diet on cognition, such as slowing the progression or preventing AD by ingesting whole fruits, vegetables, fish and oil. It is important to highlight the difference between vitamin/mineral supplements and whole food, as it appears that the former are clinically ineffective, while multiple ingredients in the latter act synergistically to improve cognition. As AD is a disease of slow progression, therapies should start several decades before clinical symptoms can be observed; one strategy can be the ingestion of healthy food in those subjects with one or more risk factors (genetic, environmental, life-style) already in their 40s, just when some brain metabolic disturbances start to develop. This dietary therapy can overcome the increased reactive oxygen species, protein deposition and synaptic failure, characteristic of AD. This research topic will cover a range of research articles, case studies, opinion and mini-reviews, all focused on describing the damaging effects of an industrial diet on cognition as well as on highlighting the beneficial effects of a healthy diet to prevent AD. We believe that we still have time to fight against the negative impact of our industrialized cultures, and adopt better eating habits, increase exercise and slow down our life style to prevent increasing dementia in the aging population. Also, all these topics has been a product of intensives investigations, with a great life hope, and we hope you all enjoy reading this e-book.

Diet --- biomarkers --- Aging --- diagnosis --- Cognition --- Minerals --- Functional Food --- Vitamins --- Dementia

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"Nutrition and Functional Foods in Boosting Digestion, Metabolism and Immune Health explores the role of appropriate nutrition and digestive enzymes in healthy digestion. The book addresses salient gastrointestinal features involved in healthy digestion pathophysiology, including coverage of the enzyme-microbiome connection and linkage, features of indigestion problems, roles of traditional and conventional ethnic foods, structurally diverse digestive enzymes, drugs, nutraceuticals and novel digestive formulations. In addition, the book addresses technological breakthroughs that have led to recent, novel discoveries and outlines nutritional guidelines and recommendations to achieve healthy digestion"--Publisher's description.

Functional foods --- Analysis. --- Designer foods --- Medicinal food --- Medicinal foods --- Neutraceuticals --- Neutriceuticals --- Nutraceuticals --- Nutriceuticals --- Pharmafoods --- Food --- Nutrition. --- Functional Food --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Functional Food. --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena.

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Molecular Nutrition and Mitochondria: Metabolic Deficits, Whole-Diet Interventions, and Targeted Nutraceuticals provides a comprehensive examination of molecular aspects of mitochondrial nutrition and how dietary compounds might impact the treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction.

Mitochondria. --- Chondriosomes --- Cell organelles --- Protoplasm --- Functional foods --- Nutritional aspects. --- Mitochondria --- Mitochondrial Diseases --- Functional Food --- Dietary Supplements --- therapy --- Functional Food. --- Dietary Supplements. --- therapy.