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This study analyses data on spiders collected between 2014 and 2024 by the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS) in the Brugge region. The objectives were 1) to identify and characterise, in the regional context, a typical heathland community, 2) to situate it among other assemblages in Flanders, 3) to identify whether vegetation structure and management influence the composition of the assemblages, 4) to draw up management recommendations and 5) to establish whether monitoring is optimal. To achieve this, alpha diversity analysis (species richness, extrapolated Chao richness, Fisher alpha), functional diversity (FRic, FEve, FDiv), IndVal analysis and multivariate analysis techniques (tbPCA, CoCA, dbRDA, RLQ and fourth corner analysis) were performed. It emerged that, although the heathland community is distinct from forests and grasslands, it was not possible to identify typical species. It appears that the composition of the community undergoes change over the course of ecological succession and that the stages in question require further characterisation. Vegetation structure and, indirectly, management influence the composition of assemblages. Management appears to be either too intense or insufficient in some places to maintain a heathland community. Overall, this work confirms the importance of maintaining a mosaic of habitats at various stages of succession in order to maximise biodiversity. Le présent travail analyse les données relatives aux araignées collectées entre 2014 et 2024 par l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB) dans la région de Brugge. Les objectifs étaient 1) d’identifier et caractériser, dans le contexte régional, une communauté typique des landes à bruyère, 2) de la situer parmi d’autres ensembles de Flandre, 3) d’identifier si la structure de la végétation et la gestion influencent la composition des assemblages, 4) d’établir des recommandations de gestion et 5) d’établir si le suivi est optimal. Pour cela, une analyse de la diversité alpha (richesse spécifique, richesse extrapolée de Chao, alpha de Fisher), fonctionnelle (FRic, FEve, FDiv), une analyse IndVal ainsi que des techniques d’analyse multivariée (tbPCA, CoCA, dbRDA, RLQ et fourth corner analysis) ont été réalisées. Il ressort que, si la communauté des landes se distingue des forêts et des prairies, il n’a pas été possible d’en identifier des espèces typiques. Il apparaît que la composition de la communauté évolue au cours de la succession écologique et que les stades devraient être mieux caractérisés. La structure de la végétation et indirectement la gestion influencent la composition des assemblages. La gestion paraît trop intense ou insuffisante par certains endroits pour maintenir une communauté des landes. En définitive, ce travail confirme l’intérêt de maintenir une mosaïque de milieux à divers stades de succession en vue de maximiser la biodiversité.

Araneae --- indicator species --- heathland management --- multivariate analyses --- functional diversity --- araignées --- espèces indicatrices --- gestion des landes --- analyses multivariées --- diversité fonctionnelle --- Sciences du vivant > Sciences de l'environnement & écologie

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Plant–soil interactions play an important role in the functioning of ecosystems. This book presents recent research advances on the effects of soil factors on plant communities and the role of ecological complementarity and species diversity in soil properties and ecosystem services. It addresses cultivated, degraded and natural soils, in fields as well as in greenhouse experiments, at different latitudes. It may be found useful by researchers, students and practitioners.

Research & information: general --- grapevine trunk disease --- cover crops --- biofumigant --- young vine decline --- plant-microbe interactions --- functional diversity --- hydraulic roughness --- herbaceous vegetation --- leaf and stem functional traits --- plant–runoff interaction --- soil erosion control --- community weighted means --- functional traits --- soil reclamation --- technosols --- ultramafic --- Casuarina --- salinization --- diversity --- rehabilitation --- AM fungi --- plant --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- land use intensity --- plant-associated microbiome --- endophytes --- rhizosphere --- biodiversity --- bacteria --- core microbiome --- Pseudomonas --- biological nitrogen fixation --- nitrogen concentration --- nitrogen transfer --- 15N natural abundance --- n/a --- plant-runoff interaction

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The standard approach to cognitive development most frequently consists of cross-sectional studies comparing different ages and groups while restricted to a single task. The necessity to focus on the individual in an idiographic perspective, rather than on the task or the variable, has been repeatedly emphasized, most recently in several very important papers by Nesselroade and Molenaar. Variability has also emerged as a crucial characteristic. Moreover, understanding the developmental construction of a given cognitive achievement is imperative to understanding cognitive functioning in adulthood. The general objective of this book is to focus on the individual by studying intraindividual and interindividual variability in various cognitive tasks, that is, intraindividual variability across items of a given task (inconsistency), across various cognitive tasks (dispersion), and/or across years (intraindividual change), and of course, on interindividual differences in intraindividual variability. This book presents empirical studies that have been conducted by research groups in Europe and in North America, prominent in the field of variability and development or methodology. The 26 authors/co-authors include senior authors such as Lautrey, Schmiedek, Dauvier, van der Maas, Ghisletta, Stawski, MacDonald, and de Ribaupierre.

n/a --- neuropsychological assessment --- Alzheimer’s Disease --- life-span --- mathematics --- cognitive heterogeneity --- prepotent response inhibition --- reasoning --- Raven’s Progressive Matrices --- computerized adaptive practicing --- working memory updating --- Go/NoGo SART task --- allocation of study time --- micro-longitudinal design --- variability --- functional adaptability --- cognitive aging --- spatial precision --- longitudinal method --- number --- working memory --- autoregressive parameter --- numerical cognition --- idiographic approach --- hierarchical modeling --- intraindividual variation --- ambulatory assessment --- intra-individual variability --- functional diversity --- prospective memory --- amplitude of fluctuations --- cognitive development --- reaction time --- cognitive impairment --- mild cognitive impairment --- random process fluctuation --- intraindividual variability --- dispersion --- individual differences --- Cognition. --- Psychology --- Alzheimer's Disease --- Raven's Progressive Matrices

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Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.

Research & information: general --- Tungsten --- corn uptake --- soil characteristics --- Freundlich model --- Biolog® --- community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) --- functional diversity indices --- metabolic bacterial diversity --- olive --- soil fertility --- soil quality --- maize --- stomata --- soil --- phenanthrene --- remediation --- qualitative multi-attribute model --- total energy output --- agro-ecological service crops --- ex-post sustainability --- organic systems --- amendment --- biochar --- brewers’ spent grain --- hop --- image analysis --- plant growth --- Beerkan method --- infiltration --- forest restoration --- soil water repellency --- tillage --- fertilization --- soil depth --- organic carbon --- clay minerals --- diffuse reflectance --- infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- composting --- PAHs --- organic co-substrates --- mulching --- flattening --- irrigation --- photosynthesis --- transpiration --- water stress integral --- fruit growth --- water use efficiency --- productivity --- soil organic matter --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- spatial heterogeneity --- multivariate adaptive regression splines --- partial least squares regression --- anaerobic digestion residues --- soil amendment --- soil fertilization --- soil organic C --- soil porosity --- soil microbial community --- copper --- rhizosphere --- smart agriculture --- microbes --- vineyard --- organic agriculture --- soil organic carbon --- soil management --- soil contamination --- soil remediation --- sustainable fruit growing --- water conservation practices --- multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction

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Soil degradation is one of the most topical environmental threats. A number of processes causing soil degradation, specifically erosion, compaction, salinization, pollution, and loss of both organic matter and soil biodiversity, are also strictly connected to agricultural activity and its intensification. The development and adoption of sustainable agronomic practices able to preserve and enhance the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soils and improve agroecosystem functions is a challenge for both scientists and farmers. The Special Issue entitled “Sustainable Agriculture and Soil Conservation” collects 12 original contributions addressing the state of the art of sustainable agriculture and soil conservation. The papers cover a wide range of topics, including organic agriculture, soil amendment and soil organic carbon (SOC) management, the impact of SOC on soil water repellency, the effects of soil tillage on the quantity of SOC associated with several fractions of soil particles and depth, and SOC prediction, using visible and near-infrared spectra and multivariate modeling. Moreover, the effects of some soil contaminants (e.g., crude oil, tungsten, copper, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) are discussed or reviewed in light of the recent literature. The collection of the manuscripts presented in this Special Issue provides a relevant knowledge contribution for improving our understanding on sustainable agriculture and soil conservation, thus stimulating new views on this main topic.

Research & information: general --- Tungsten --- corn uptake --- soil characteristics --- Freundlich model --- Biolog® --- community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) --- functional diversity indices --- metabolic bacterial diversity --- olive --- soil fertility --- soil quality --- maize --- stomata --- soil --- phenanthrene --- remediation --- qualitative multi-attribute model --- total energy output --- agro-ecological service crops --- ex-post sustainability --- organic systems --- amendment --- biochar --- brewers’ spent grain --- hop --- image analysis --- plant growth --- Beerkan method --- infiltration --- forest restoration --- soil water repellency --- tillage --- fertilization --- soil depth --- organic carbon --- clay minerals --- diffuse reflectance --- infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- composting --- PAHs --- organic co-substrates --- mulching --- flattening --- irrigation --- photosynthesis --- transpiration --- water stress integral --- fruit growth --- water use efficiency --- productivity --- soil organic matter --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- spatial heterogeneity --- multivariate adaptive regression splines --- partial least squares regression --- anaerobic digestion residues --- soil amendment --- soil fertilization --- soil organic C --- soil porosity --- soil microbial community --- copper --- rhizosphere --- smart agriculture --- microbes --- vineyard --- organic agriculture --- soil organic carbon --- soil management --- soil contamination --- soil remediation --- sustainable fruit growing --- water conservation practices --- multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction --- Tungsten --- corn uptake --- soil characteristics --- Freundlich model --- Biolog® --- community-level physiological profiling (CLPP) --- functional diversity indices --- metabolic bacterial diversity --- olive --- soil fertility --- soil quality --- maize --- stomata --- soil --- phenanthrene --- remediation --- qualitative multi-attribute model --- total energy output --- agro-ecological service crops --- ex-post sustainability --- organic systems --- amendment --- biochar --- brewers’ spent grain --- hop --- image analysis --- plant growth --- Beerkan method --- infiltration --- forest restoration --- soil water repellency --- tillage --- fertilization --- soil depth --- organic carbon --- clay minerals --- diffuse reflectance --- infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy --- bioremediation --- composting --- PAHs --- organic co-substrates --- mulching --- flattening --- irrigation --- photosynthesis --- transpiration --- water stress integral --- fruit growth --- water use efficiency --- productivity --- soil organic matter --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- spatial heterogeneity --- multivariate adaptive regression splines --- partial least squares regression --- anaerobic digestion residues --- soil amendment --- soil fertilization --- soil organic C --- soil porosity --- soil microbial community --- copper --- rhizosphere --- smart agriculture --- microbes --- vineyard --- organic agriculture --- soil organic carbon --- soil management --- soil contamination --- soil remediation --- sustainable fruit growing --- water conservation practices --- multivariate statistical models for SOC prediction