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Agriculture is certainly the most important food supplier while it globally accounts for more than 70% of water used and contributes significantly to water pollution. Irrigated agriculture is facing rising competition worldwide for access to reliable, low cost, and high-quality water resources. However, irrigation as the major tool and determinant of affecting agricultural productivity and environmental resources plays a critical role in food security and environment sustainability. Innovative irrigation technologies and practices may enhance agricultural water efficiency and production, in the meantime decrease the water demand and quality issues. I am very pleased to invite you to submit manuscripts in agricultural irrigation which assess current challenges and offer improvement approaches and opportunities for future irrigation.

semi-arid regions --- greenhouse gas emission --- model simulation --- spinach --- benchmarking --- leaf mineral composition --- available water capacity --- irrigated crops --- organic production --- site-specific irrigation --- infiltration depth --- pumping plants --- performance indicator --- treated wastewater irrigation --- precision agriculture --- evaluation of performance --- total yield --- row cover --- irrigation --- slope gradient --- farming data --- optimal irrigation time --- lettuce production --- life cycle assessment --- mulch --- monthly changes --- irrigation water use efficiency --- energy audit --- crop evapotranspiration --- irrigation management --- downy mildew --- biomass production --- water application rate --- tomato fruit yield --- temperature variations --- irrigation water regimes --- salinization --- net irrigation requirements --- center-pivot irrigation --- cover crop --- climate change adaptation --- deficit irrigation --- drip irrigation --- Mediterranean region --- principal component analysis --- global sensitivity analysis

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Vegetable growers around the world only collect, on average, half of the yield they would obtain under optimal conditions, known as yield potential. It is estimated that 60–70% of the yield gap is attributable to abiotic factors such as salinity, drought, suboptimal temperatures, nutritional deficiencies, flooding, waterlogging, heavy metals contamination, adverse soil pH and organic pollutants, while the remaining 30–40% is due to biotic factors, especially soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Under climate change forecasts, the pressure of biotic/abiotic stressors on yield is expected to rise and challenge further global food security. To meet global demand, several solutions have been proposed, focusing on the breeding of varieties with greater yield potential, but this one-size-fits-all solution leads to limited benefits. In order to overcome the current situation, grafting of elite scion varieties onto vigorous rootstock varieties has been suggested as one of the most promising drives towards further yield stability. Specifically, the implementation of suitable rootstock × scion × environment combinations in Solanaceous (tomato, eggplant, pepper) and Cucurbitaceous (melon, watermelon, melon) high-value crops represents an untapped opportunity to secure yield stability and reliability under biotic/abiotic stresses. This Special Issue invites Original Research, Technology Reports, Methods, Opinions, Perspectives, Invited Reviews and Mini Reviews dissecting grafting as a sustainable agro technology for enhancing tolerance to abiotic stresses and reducing disease damage. In addition, the following are of interest: potential contributions dealing with genetic resources for rootstock breeding, practices and technologies of rootstock breeding, and rootstock–scion signaling, as well as the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying graft compatibility. In addition, the effect of grafting on vegetable quality, practical applications and nursery management of grafted seedlings and specialty crops (e.g. artichoke and bean) will be considered within the general scope of the Special Issue. We highly believe that this compilation of high standard scientific papers on the principles and practices of vegetable grafting will foster discussions within this important field.

tomato grafting --- splice grafting technique --- graft angle --- random diameter --- wild eggplant relative --- interspecific hybrid --- scion/rootstock combination --- plant vigour --- yield --- fruit quality attributes --- cucumber --- grafting techniques --- rootstock-scion --- soil-borne disease --- resistant --- tolerant crop growth --- fruit yield --- fruit quality --- LED --- PPFD --- PsaA --- PsbA --- Western Blot --- Cucumis melo L. --- arsenic --- grafting --- translocation --- bioaccumulation --- agricultural robot --- automated grafting --- agricultural machinery --- Tomato grafting --- salinity tolerance --- rootstock --- physio-biochemical mechanisms --- Solanum lycopresicum L. --- vegetable grafting --- Solanum melongena L. --- grafting combinations --- arbuscular micorrhizal fungi --- yield traits --- NUE --- mineral profile --- functional properties --- NaCl --- Citrullus vulgaris Schrad --- Luffa cylindrica Mill --- C. maxima Duch. × C. moschata Duch. --- seedlings --- morpho-physiological traits --- solanaceae --- cucurbitaceae --- defense mechanisms --- soilborne pathogen --- genetic resistance --- microbial communities --- soil/root interface --- reduced irrigation --- rootstocks --- leaf gas exchange --- Citrullus lanatus (Thunb) Matsum and Nakai --- functional quality --- lycopene --- storage --- sugars --- texture --- eggplant grafting --- sensory evaluation --- Brassicaceae --- growth --- mineral content --- photosynthesis --- taproot --- n/a

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Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.

Research & information: general --- Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield --- Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield

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Plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are groups of rhizosphere microorganisms capable of colonizing the root environment. Some of the microbes that inhabit this zone are bacteria and fungi that are capable of efficiently colonizing roots and rhizosphere soil. These microorganisms can be used as biofertilizers for improving agricultural production even under stressful environmental conditions. In contrast to PGPM, plant growth regulators (PGR) are chemical compounds that significantly affect the growth and differentiation of plant cells and tissues. They function as chemical messengers for intercellular communication and play a vital role in plant signaling networks as they are involved in the plant developmental process and a wide range of biotic and abiotic stress responses. The application of PGPM and plant growth regulators/hormones or the synthesis of PGR and signal transduction, perception, and cross-talk creates a complex network that plays an essential role in the regulation of plant physiological processes. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of PGPM and PGR and their roles in plant growth and development, interaction and independence in their action, and hormonal crosstalk under stresses is essential for agricultural production and research. Therefore, this book has contributions in the form of research and review papers from eminent scientists worldwide and discusses the role of PGPM and PGR in agriculture production and research, their potentials as biocontrol agents, their effects on physicochemical properties of soil, innovation for sustainable agriculture, their role in seed transplanting, and their role in mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses.

Paecilomyces --- PGPF --- tomato --- pepper --- plant probiotic microorganisms --- Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- secondary metabolites --- plant insect interactions --- seaweed extract --- phytohormone profiling --- fertilizers --- antioxidant --- plant growth regulators --- brown seaweed --- green algae --- abiotic stresses --- cell membrane stability --- climate change --- osmolytes --- polyamines --- bacterial community composition --- liquid food waste materials (LFM) --- plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) --- plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits --- salinity --- PGPR --- wheat --- compatible solutes --- antioxidant enzymes --- Trichoderma --- plant growth promotion --- biostimulant --- aridity --- Bacillus sp. --- biochar --- nutrient availability --- organic matter --- soil health --- mVOCs --- Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- Mentha piperita --- Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GB03 --- salt stress --- MDA --- DPPH --- Bradyrhizobium japonicum --- Pseudomonas putida --- plant growth --- plant nutrients --- soil enzymes --- soil nutrients --- soybean --- sweet pepper --- Bacillus --- chitosan --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- fruit yield --- plant growth promoting microorganisms --- abiotic stress --- biotic stress --- flavonoids --- biotic and abiotic stress --- symbiosis --- signaling --- rhizobium --- AMF --- allelopathy --- biocontrol Aspergillus japonicus --- root-knot nematode --- fermentation filtrate --- biological control --- seed germination --- α-Tocopherol --- antioxidants --- drought --- nutrient dynamics --- tissue specific response --- deep N fertilization --- peroxidase activity --- catalase activity --- rice cultivation --- ABA biosynthesis --- drought stress --- gene expression --- signaling network --- transporters --- Zea mays L. --- environmental stresses --- endophytic bacteria --- plant growth promoting ability --- chromium --- Staphylococcus aureus --- oxidative stress --- available phosphorus --- enriched compost --- poultry litter --- rock phosphate --- pear trees --- PGR --- sustainable development --- crop nutrition --- fertiliser --- Timac Agro Italia --- allelopathic bacteria --- antimetabolites --- phytotoxic metabolites --- rhizobacteria --- weed invasion --- anthocyanins --- color --- fruit size --- phenolics --- Punica granatum --- PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms) --- tee tree oil --- plant biostimulants --- soil-borne phytopathogens --- antagonistic fungi --- biocontrol --- biotic effect --- crop production --- RIDER --- drylands --- water conservation --- biomass reduction --- cereal crops --- growth regulators --- metal stress --- sugar beet --- nitrogen fertilizer --- gibberellic acid --- TSS --- sugar yield --- n/a