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Acarina control on fruit tree

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Hydrological processes in forested watersheds are influenced by environmental, physiological, and biometric factors such as precipitation, radiation, temperature, species type, leaf area, and extent and structure of forest ecosystems. Over the past two centuries, forest coverage and forest structures have been impacted globally by anthropogenic activities, for example, forest harvesting, and conversion of forested landscapes for plantations and urbanization. In addition, since the industrial revolution, climate change has resulted in profound impacts on forest ecosystems due to higher carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration or CO2 fertilization, warmer temperatures, changes in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and natural disturbances. As a result, hydrological processes in forested watersheds have been altered by these natural and anthropogenic factors and these changes are expected to accelerate due to future changing climatic conditions.

East Asia --- climate variability --- metals --- woody litter --- extreme weather events --- frequency analysis --- relative contribution --- streamflow variability --- probability distribution --- trace metal --- climate change --- annual streamflow --- hydroclimatology --- forest disturbances --- river discharge --- climate warming --- Weihe River --- non-woody litter --- riparian forest --- low flow --- Central Asia --- canopy filtering --- flood --- SWAT --- Chu River --- annual water yield --- forest hydrology --- throughfall --- flow regimes --- Schrenk spruce (Picea schrenkiana Fisch. et Mey.) --- tree rings --- forest floor --- reforestation --- land-use change --- low flows --- watershed management --- high flow --- forest disturbance --- subalpine forest --- gap-edge canopy --- human activities --- boreal forest --- Tianshan Mountains --- closed canopy --- groundwater level --- fruit tree planting --- hydrological model --- high flows --- cumulative effects --- reconstruction --- headwater stream --- partial least squares (PLS) regression --- streamflow

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Dear Colleagues, It is well established that preference (but not exclusivity) for plant-derived foods can result in both health and environmental benefits. However, it must be acknowledged that not all plant-derived foods present the same quality to consumers. Hence, traditional and novel tools to assure high-quality standards have to be applied to these types of foods. At the same time, the definition of quality may be different from product to product and must be studied accordingly. Hence, the contents of bioactive compounds, amount of fat or fatty acid profiles, vitamins, carbohydrates, volatile compounds, and microbial safety or sensorial characteristics are some of the parameters that can provide an insight into plant-derived food quality. Of course, this type of food is usually subject to some kind of postharvest processing or storage, which can alter their properties. This has also led to the need to study how these procedures change the characteristics of the original food. This Special Issue on “Quality Evaluation of Plant-Derived Foods Ⅱ” focuses on the topic of the quality assessment of plant-derived foods. This includes novel approaches to this line of research, but also the use of the established methodologies for novel plant foods, understudied species, or new data on known plant foods.

virgin olive oil --- Olea europea L. --- phenols --- sensory profile --- fatty acid composition --- volatile compounds --- quinoa seed fractions --- particle size --- wheat bread --- addition level --- canola --- rapeseed --- Brassica napus --- canola protein --- plant proteins --- breeding --- food safety --- sustainability --- sunflower seeds --- sunflower oil --- sunflower oilcakes --- nutritive parameters --- classification --- amino acids profile --- fatty acids composition --- fruit tree --- food policies --- food security --- Loganiaceae --- nutrients --- market economies --- novel products --- orange sweet potato --- red rice --- flakes --- bioactive compound --- antioxidant activity --- physicochemical --- sensory properties --- Prunus domestica --- standardization --- GC–MS --- antioxidant --- HPLC --- microbial limits

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As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.

Research & information: general --- carbon storage --- cacao agroforestry --- farmer tree preference --- utility value --- entrainment --- erosion --- forest conversion --- overland flow --- soil macroporosity --- throughfall --- water balance --- boundary work --- ecohydrology --- forest-water-people nexus --- landscape approach --- participatory methods --- scenario evaluation --- social-ecological systems --- tropical forests --- assisted natural regeneration (ANR) --- co-investment --- ecosystem services --- environmental stewardship --- equity --- forest and landscape restoration (FLR) --- rights-based approach --- tree planting --- water --- coffee --- fruit trees --- index of root anchoring --- slope stability --- soil shear strength --- root length density --- root tensile strength --- agroforestry --- carbon sequestration --- climate change mitigation --- grazing management --- land restoration --- nationally determined contribution --- silvopastoral --- tree cover --- cocoa agroforestry --- climate adaptation --- soil restoration --- soil organic carbon --- soil macro-porosity --- soil water availability --- inceptisols --- Fraxinus dimorpha --- soil chemical characteristics --- mycorrhizal attributes --- traditional ecological knowledge --- anastomosis --- agroforest --- silvopasture --- economics --- financial analysis --- carbon payment --- Peru --- innovation transfer --- trimming --- intention --- participatory and integrative research-extension --- stakeholders --- adaptation --- Kisumu --- Bungoma --- payment for ecosystem services --- village savings and loan associations --- fruit tree-based agroforestry --- economic benefits --- farmer perspectives --- resource competition --- systems improvement --- uptake and expansion --- cost-benefit analysis --- landscape restoration --- global --- stocktake --- agroforestry coffee --- shade tree species --- pairwise ranking --- Vietnam --- trees on farm --- options by context --- on-farm planned comparison --- tree seedling survival --- agriculture sector --- cost efficiency --- land suitability --- potential expansion areas --- representative concentration pathway --- cocoa --- Java --- livelihoods --- rural-urban --- remittances --- returning migrants --- Sumatra --- Sulawesi --- certification --- deforestation --- palm oil --- forest classification --- Jambi --- legality --- independent smallholders --- agroforestry concessions --- West Kalimantan --- land-use change --- belowground biodiversity --- soil engineers --- Pontoscolex corethrurus --- natural habitats --- planted forest --- artesian wells --- Oryza --- paddy cultivation --- restoration --- rodents --- sustainable intensification --- Mount Bromo-Tengger --- coinvestment --- instrumental values --- landscape --- relational values --- social-ecological systems --- stewardship --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- trees --- carbon storage --- cacao agroforestry --- farmer tree preference --- utility value --- entrainment --- erosion --- forest conversion --- overland flow --- soil macroporosity --- throughfall --- water balance --- boundary work --- ecohydrology --- forest-water-people nexus --- landscape approach --- participatory methods --- scenario evaluation --- social-ecological systems --- tropical forests --- assisted natural regeneration (ANR) --- co-investment --- ecosystem services --- environmental stewardship --- equity --- forest and landscape restoration (FLR) --- rights-based approach --- tree planting --- water --- coffee --- fruit trees --- index of root anchoring --- slope stability --- soil shear strength --- root length density --- root tensile strength --- agroforestry --- carbon sequestration --- climate change mitigation --- grazing management --- land restoration --- nationally determined contribution --- silvopastoral --- tree cover --- cocoa agroforestry --- climate adaptation --- soil restoration --- soil organic carbon --- soil macro-porosity --- soil water availability --- inceptisols --- Fraxinus dimorpha --- soil chemical characteristics --- mycorrhizal attributes --- traditional ecological knowledge --- anastomosis --- agroforest --- silvopasture --- economics --- financial analysis --- carbon payment --- Peru --- innovation transfer --- trimming --- intention --- participatory and integrative research-extension --- stakeholders --- adaptation --- Kisumu --- Bungoma --- payment for ecosystem services --- village savings and loan associations --- fruit tree-based agroforestry --- economic benefits --- farmer perspectives --- resource competition --- systems improvement --- uptake and expansion --- cost-benefit analysis --- landscape restoration --- global --- stocktake --- agroforestry coffee --- shade tree species --- pairwise ranking --- Vietnam --- trees on farm --- options by context --- on-farm planned comparison --- tree seedling survival --- agriculture sector --- cost efficiency --- land suitability --- potential expansion areas --- representative concentration pathway --- cocoa --- Java --- livelihoods --- rural-urban --- remittances --- returning migrants --- Sumatra --- Sulawesi --- certification --- deforestation --- palm oil --- forest classification --- Jambi --- legality --- independent smallholders --- agroforestry concessions --- West Kalimantan --- land-use change --- belowground biodiversity --- soil engineers --- Pontoscolex corethrurus --- natural habitats --- planted forest --- artesian wells --- Oryza --- paddy cultivation --- restoration --- rodents --- sustainable intensification --- Mount Bromo-Tengger --- coinvestment --- instrumental values --- landscape --- relational values --- social-ecological systems --- stewardship --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- trees

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As a dynamic interface between agriculture and forestry, agroforestry has only recently been formally recognized as a relevant part of land use with ‘trees outside forest’ in important parts of the world—but not everywhere yet. The Sustainable Development Goals have called attention to the need for the multifunctionality of landscapes that simultaneously contribute to multiple goals. In the UN decade of landscape restoration, as well as in response to the climate change urgency and biodiversity extinction crisis, an increase in global tree cover is widely seen as desirable, but its management by farmers or forest managers remains contested. Agroforestry research relates tree–soil–crop–livestock interactions at the plot level with landscape-level analysis of social-ecological systems and efforts to transcend the historical dichotomy between forest and agriculture as separate policy domains. An ‘ecosystem services’ perspective quantifies land productivity, flows of water, net greenhouse gas emissions, and biodiversity conservation, and combines an ‘actor’ perspective (farmer, landscape manager) with that of ‘downstream’ stakeholders (in the same watershed, ecologically conscious consumers elsewhere, global citizens) and higher-level regulators designing land-use policies and spatial zoning.

carbon storage --- cacao agroforestry --- farmer tree preference --- utility value --- entrainment --- erosion --- forest conversion --- overland flow --- soil macroporosity --- throughfall --- water balance --- boundary work --- ecohydrology --- forest–water–people nexus --- landscape approach --- participatory methods --- scenario evaluation --- social-ecological systems --- tropical forests --- assisted natural regeneration (ANR) --- co-investment --- ecosystem services --- environmental stewardship --- equity --- forest and landscape restoration (FLR) --- rights-based approach --- tree planting --- water --- coffee --- fruit trees --- index of root anchoring --- slope stability --- soil shear strength --- root length density --- root tensile strength --- agroforestry --- carbon sequestration --- climate change mitigation --- grazing management --- land restoration --- nationally determined contribution --- silvopastoral --- tree cover --- cocoa agroforestry --- climate adaptation --- soil restoration --- soil organic carbon --- soil macro-porosity --- soil water availability --- inceptisols --- Fraxinus dimorpha --- soil chemical characteristics --- mycorrhizal attributes --- traditional ecological knowledge --- anastomosis --- agroforest --- silvopasture --- economics --- financial analysis --- carbon payment --- Peru --- innovation transfer --- trimming --- intention --- participatory and integrative research-extension --- stakeholders --- adaptation --- Kisumu --- Bungoma --- payment for ecosystem services --- village savings and loan associations --- fruit tree-based agroforestry --- economic benefits --- farmer perspectives --- resource competition --- systems improvement --- uptake and expansion --- cost-benefit analysis --- landscape restoration --- global --- stocktake --- agroforestry coffee --- shade tree species --- pairwise ranking --- Vietnam --- trees on farm --- options by context --- on-farm planned comparison --- tree seedling survival --- agriculture sector --- cost efficiency --- land suitability --- potential expansion areas --- representative concentration pathway --- cocoa --- Java --- livelihoods --- rural–urban --- remittances --- returning migrants --- Sumatra --- Sulawesi --- certification --- deforestation --- palm oil --- forest classification --- Jambi --- legality --- independent smallholders --- agroforestry concessions --- West Kalimantan --- land-use change --- belowground biodiversity --- soil engineers --- Pontoscolex corethrurus --- natural habitats --- planted forest --- artesian wells --- Oryza --- paddy cultivation --- restoration --- rodents --- sustainable intensification --- Mount Bromo-Tengger --- coinvestment --- instrumental values --- landscape --- relational values --- social–ecological systems --- stewardship --- sustainable development goals (SDGs) --- trees --- n/a --- forest-water-people nexus --- rural-urban