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This new critical edition of Athenaeus’ Deipnosophists (The Learned Banqueters) replaces that of Kaibel. A separate, parallel edition of the Epitome is included, as is extensive documentation of cognate or derivative material in authors such as Aelian and Eustathius. The text is based on far more extensive manuscript work than Kaibel’s edition was, and treats the Epitome manuscripts as substantial and important witnesses to the text.

Athenaeus. --- Athenaios. --- Deipnosophistai. --- fragments. --- Athenaeus. --- fragments.

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Monoclonal antibodies have appeared on the market over the past 20 years. Since then, they have been manipulated to obtain molecule more suitable for some therapeutics applications. We obtained different fragments whose properties were different form full-length antibodies. The major structural difference of such fragments is that they do not usually have the Fc portion. Thus there are differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. For example, fragments enter tumors faster and more deeply. They are also eliminated more quickly. Fragments which do not contain an Fc part cannot trigger ADCC (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity) and CDC (complement dependent cytotoxicity). On the whole, the mode of action of fragments is similar to full-length antibodies. There are three main classes of fragments. The older one consists of Fab fragments. Some of them are currently marketed. The Fab fragments are being replaced by scFv based fragments in the clinical trials. No molecule from this class is currently being marketed. There is finally the third generation molecules (VHH, IgNARs), whose development has just begun. Non-glycosylated fragments can be produced in E. coli. It is easier and more productive than using mammalian cells, which are the ones used for full-length antibodies. There isn’t much of a difference between fragments and whole antibodies regarding the cost Les anticorps monoclonaux ont fait leur apparition sur le marché lors des 20 dernières années. Depuis lors, on les a manipulés dans le but d’obtenir des molécules plus adaptées à certaines applications thérapeutiques. On a obtenu différents fragments dont les propriétés diffèrent de celles des anticorps entiers sur certains points. La différence majeure au niveau structurel est que les fragments ne possèdent généralement pas la partie Fc. Cela implique dès lors des différences au niveau pharmacocinétique et pharmacodynamique. Par exemple, les fragments pénètrent plus rapidement et profondément les tumeurs. Ils sont également plus rapidement éliminés de l’organisme. Les fragments, ne contenant pas la partie Fc, ne peuvent pas déclencher l’ADCC (antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity) ou la CDC (complement dependent cytotoxicity). Globalement, le mode d’action des fragments est similaire à celui des anticorps entier. Il existe trois classes principales de fragments. La plus ancienne est constituée des Fabs. Quelques-uns sont sur le marché. Ils sont de plus en plus remplacés par la deuxième classe, basée sur le scFvs, dans les essais cliniques. Aucune molécule appartenant à cette classe n’est actuellement commercialisée. E,fin, il y a les molécules de troisième génération (VHH, IgNARs, …) qui commencent à entrer en développement. Les fragments non-glycosylés peuvent etre produit chez E. coli, ce qui est plus facile et rentable que l’expression à partir de cellules mammaliennes, comme c’est souvent le cas pour les anticorps entiers. Au niveau du coût, il n’y a pas de différences marquées entre les anticorps entiers et les fragments

Antibodies, Monoclonal --- Immunoglobulin Fragments

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"_$C(137)_"vangiles --- Fragments

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This volume examines whether dramatic fragments should be approached as parts of a greater whole or as self-contained entities. It comprises contributions by a broad spectrum of international scholars: by young researchers working on fragmentary drama as well as by well-known experts in this field. The volume explores another kind of fragmentation that seems already to have been embraced by the ancient dramatists: quotations extracted from their context and immersed in a new whole, in which they work both as cohesive unities and detachable entities. Sections of poetic works circulated in antiquity not only as parts of a whole, but also independently, i.e. as component fractions, rather like quotations on facebook today. Fragmentation can thus be seen operating on the level of dissociation, but also on the level of cohesion. The volume investigates interpretive possibilities, quotation contexts, production and reception stages of fragmentary texts, looking into the ways dramatic fragments can either increase the depth of fragmentation or strengthen the intensity of cohesion.

Manuscript fragments. --- Greek drama --- Theater --- Manuscripts. --- History

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Arthritis, Rheumatoid --- Prognosis --- Peptide Fragments --- diagnosis --- immunology