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The topic of this book is the mathematical and numerical analysis of some recent frameworks based on differential equations and their application in the mathematical modeling of complex systems, especially of living matter. First, the recent new mathematical frameworks based on generalized kinetic theory, fractional calculus, inverse theory, Schrödinger equation, and Cahn–Hilliard systems are presented and mathematically analyzed. Specifically, the well-posedness of the related Cauchy problems is investigated, stability analysis is also performed (including the possibility to have Hopf bifurcations), and some optimal control problems are presented. Second, this book is concerned with the derivation of specific models within the previous mentioned frameworks and for complex systems in biology, epidemics, and engineering. This book is addressed to graduate students and applied mathematics researchers involved in the mathematical modeling of complex systems.

boundedness --- delay --- Hopf bifurcation --- Lyapunov functional --- stability --- SEIQRS-V model --- kinetic theory --- integro-differential equations --- complex systems --- evolution equations --- thermostat --- nonequilibrium stationary states --- discrete Fourier transform --- discrete kinetic theory --- nonlinearity --- fractional operators --- Cahn–Hilliard systems --- well-posedness --- regularity --- optimal control --- necessary optimality conditions --- Schrödinger equation --- Davydov’s model --- partial differential equations --- exact solutions --- fractional derivative --- abstract Cauchy problem --- C0−semigroup --- inverse problem --- active particles --- autoimmune disease --- degenerate equations --- real activity variable --- Cauchy problem --- electric circuit equations --- wardoski contraction --- almost (s, q)—Jaggi-type --- b—metric-like spaces --- second-order differential equations --- dynamical systems --- compartment model --- epidemics --- basic reproduction number

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This Special Issue is devoted to some serious problems that the Fractional Calculus (FC) is currently confronted with and aims at providing some answers to the questions like “What are the fractional integrals and derivatives?”, “What are their decisive mathematical properties?”, “What fractional operators make sense in applications and why?’’, etc. In particular, the “new fractional derivatives and integrals” and the models with these fractional order operators are critically addressed. The Special Issue contains both the surveys and the research contributions. A part of the articles deals with foundations of FC that are considered from the viewpoints of the pure and applied mathematics, and the system theory. Another part of the Special issue addresses the applications of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations. Several articles devoted to the numerical treatment of the FC operators and the fractional differential equations complete the Special Issue.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- fractional derivatives --- fractional integrals --- fractional calculus --- fractional anti-derivatives --- fractional operators --- integral transforms --- convergent series --- fractional integral --- fractional derivative --- numerical approximation --- translation operator --- distributed lag --- time delay --- scaling --- dilation --- memory --- depreciation --- probability distribution --- fractional models --- fractional differentiation --- distributed time delay systems --- Volterra equation --- adsorption --- fractional differential equations --- numerical methods --- smoothness assumptions --- persistent memory --- initial values --- existence --- uniqueness --- Crank–Nicolson scheme --- weighted Shifted Grünwald–Letnikov approximation --- space fractional convection-diffusion model --- stability analysis --- convergence order --- Caputo–Fabrizio operator --- Atangana–Baleanu operator --- fractional falculus --- general fractional derivative --- general fractional integral --- Sonine condition --- fractional relaxation equation --- fractional diffusion equation --- Cauchy problem --- initial-boundary-value problem --- inverse problem --- fractional calculus operators --- special functions --- generalized hypergeometric functions --- integral transforms of special functions --- fractional derivatives --- fractional integrals --- fractional calculus --- fractional anti-derivatives --- fractional operators --- integral transforms --- convergent series --- fractional integral --- fractional derivative --- numerical approximation --- translation operator --- distributed lag --- time delay --- scaling --- dilation --- memory --- depreciation --- probability distribution --- fractional models --- fractional differentiation --- distributed time delay systems --- Volterra equation --- adsorption --- fractional differential equations --- numerical methods --- smoothness assumptions --- persistent memory --- initial values --- existence --- uniqueness --- Crank–Nicolson scheme --- weighted Shifted Grünwald–Letnikov approximation --- space fractional convection-diffusion model --- stability analysis --- convergence order --- Caputo–Fabrizio operator --- Atangana–Baleanu operator --- fractional falculus --- general fractional derivative --- general fractional integral --- Sonine condition --- fractional relaxation equation --- fractional diffusion equation --- Cauchy problem --- initial-boundary-value problem --- inverse problem --- fractional calculus operators --- special functions --- generalized hypergeometric functions --- integral transforms of special functions

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In the last three decades, fractional calculus has broken into the field of mathematical analysis, both at the theoretical level and at the level of its applications. In essence, the fractional calculus theory is a mathematical analysis tool applied to the study of integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order, which unifies and generalizes the classical notions of differentiation and integration. These fractional and derivative integrals, which until not many years ago had been used in purely mathematical contexts, have been revealed as instruments with great potential to model problems in various scientific fields, such as: fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, physics, biology, chemistry, dynamical systems, signal processing or entropy theory. Since the differential and integral operators of fractional order are nonlinear operators, fractional calculus theory provides a tool for modeling physical processes, which in many cases is more useful than classical formulations. This is why the application of fractional calculus theory has become a focus of international academic research. This Special Issue "Applied Mathematics and Fractional Calculus" has published excellent research studies in the field of applied mathematics and fractional calculus, authored by many well-known mathematicians and scientists from diverse countries worldwide such as China, USA, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Iran, Tunisia, South Africa, Albania, Thailand, Iraq, Egypt, Italy, India, Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Korea, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- condensing function --- approximate endpoint criterion --- quantum integro-difference BVP --- existence --- fractional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system --- lie group analysis --- power series solutions --- convergence analysis --- conservation laws --- symmetry --- weighted fractional operators --- convex functions --- HHF type inequality --- fractional calculus --- Euler–Lagrange equation --- natural boundary conditions --- time delay --- MHD equations --- weak solution --- regularity criteria --- anisotropic Lorentz space --- Sonine kernel --- general fractional derivative of arbitrary order --- general fractional integral of arbitrary order --- first fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- second fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- ρ-Laplace variational iteration method --- ρ-Laplace decomposition method --- partial differential equation --- caputo operator --- fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation (FWE) --- Riemann–Liouville fractional difference operator --- boundary value problem --- discrete fractional calculus --- existence and uniqueness --- Ulam stability --- elastic beam problem --- tempered fractional derivative --- one-sided tempered fractional derivative --- bilateral tempered fractional derivative --- tempered riesz potential --- collocation method --- hermite cubic spline --- fractional burgers equation --- fractional differential equation --- fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative --- degenerate evolution equation --- initial value problem --- initial boundary value problem --- partial Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Babenko’s approach --- Banach fixed point theorem --- Mittag–Leffler function --- gamma function --- nabla fractional difference --- separated boundary conditions --- Green’s function --- existence of solutions --- Caputo q-derivative --- singular sum fractional q-differential --- fixed point --- equations --- Riemann–Liouville q-integral --- Shehu transform --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Shehu decomposition method --- new iterative transform method --- fractional KdV equation --- approximate solutions --- Riemann–Liouville derivative --- concave operator --- fixed point theorem --- Gelfand problem --- order cone --- integral transform --- Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative --- Aboodh transform iterative method --- φ-Hilfer fractional system with impulses --- semigroup theory --- nonlocal conditions --- optimal controls --- fractional derivatives --- fractional Prabhakar derivatives --- fractional differential equations --- fractional Sturm–Liouville problems --- eigenfunctions and eigenvalues --- Fredholm–Volterra integral Equations --- fractional derivative --- Bessel polynomials --- Caputo derivative --- collocation points --- Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu operators --- time-fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt equation --- natural transform --- Adomian decomposition method --- condensing function --- approximate endpoint criterion --- quantum integro-difference BVP --- existence --- fractional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system --- lie group analysis --- power series solutions --- convergence analysis --- conservation laws --- symmetry --- weighted fractional operators --- convex functions --- HHF type inequality --- fractional calculus --- Euler–Lagrange equation --- natural boundary conditions --- time delay --- MHD equations --- weak solution --- regularity criteria --- anisotropic Lorentz space --- Sonine kernel --- general fractional derivative of arbitrary order --- general fractional integral of arbitrary order --- first fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- second fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- ρ-Laplace variational iteration method --- ρ-Laplace decomposition method --- partial differential equation --- caputo operator --- fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation (FWE) --- Riemann–Liouville fractional difference operator --- boundary value problem --- discrete fractional calculus --- existence and uniqueness --- Ulam stability --- elastic beam problem --- tempered fractional derivative --- one-sided tempered fractional derivative --- bilateral tempered fractional derivative --- tempered riesz potential --- collocation method --- hermite cubic spline --- fractional burgers equation --- fractional differential equation --- fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative --- degenerate evolution equation --- initial value problem --- initial boundary value problem --- partial Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Babenko’s approach --- Banach fixed point theorem --- Mittag–Leffler function --- gamma function --- nabla fractional difference --- separated boundary conditions --- Green’s function --- existence of solutions --- Caputo q-derivative --- singular sum fractional q-differential --- fixed point --- equations --- Riemann–Liouville q-integral --- Shehu transform --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Shehu decomposition method --- new iterative transform method --- fractional KdV equation --- approximate solutions --- Riemann–Liouville derivative --- concave operator --- fixed point theorem --- Gelfand problem --- order cone --- integral transform --- Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative --- Aboodh transform iterative method --- φ-Hilfer fractional system with impulses --- semigroup theory --- nonlocal conditions --- optimal controls --- fractional derivatives --- fractional Prabhakar derivatives --- fractional differential equations --- fractional Sturm–Liouville problems --- eigenfunctions and eigenvalues --- Fredholm–Volterra integral Equations --- fractional derivative --- Bessel polynomials --- Caputo derivative --- collocation points --- Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu operators --- time-fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt equation --- natural transform --- Adomian decomposition method

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In the last three decades, fractional calculus has broken into the field of mathematical analysis, both at the theoretical level and at the level of its applications. In essence, the fractional calculus theory is a mathematical analysis tool applied to the study of integrals and derivatives of arbitrary order, which unifies and generalizes the classical notions of differentiation and integration. These fractional and derivative integrals, which until not many years ago had been used in purely mathematical contexts, have been revealed as instruments with great potential to model problems in various scientific fields, such as: fluid mechanics, viscoelasticity, physics, biology, chemistry, dynamical systems, signal processing or entropy theory. Since the differential and integral operators of fractional order are nonlinear operators, fractional calculus theory provides a tool for modeling physical processes, which in many cases is more useful than classical formulations. This is why the application of fractional calculus theory has become a focus of international academic research. This Special Issue "Applied Mathematics and Fractional Calculus" has published excellent research studies in the field of applied mathematics and fractional calculus, authored by many well-known mathematicians and scientists from diverse countries worldwide such as China, USA, Canada, Germany, Mexico, Spain, Poland, Portugal, Iran, Tunisia, South Africa, Albania, Thailand, Iraq, Egypt, Italy, India, Russia, Pakistan, Taiwan, Korea, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia.

condensing function --- approximate endpoint criterion --- quantum integro-difference BVP --- existence --- fractional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili system --- lie group analysis --- power series solutions --- convergence analysis --- conservation laws --- symmetry --- weighted fractional operators --- convex functions --- HHF type inequality --- fractional calculus --- Euler–Lagrange equation --- natural boundary conditions --- time delay --- MHD equations --- weak solution --- regularity criteria --- anisotropic Lorentz space --- Sonine kernel --- general fractional derivative of arbitrary order --- general fractional integral of arbitrary order --- first fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- second fundamental theorem of fractional calculus --- ρ-Laplace variational iteration method --- ρ-Laplace decomposition method --- partial differential equation --- caputo operator --- fractional Fornberg–Whitham equation (FWE) --- Riemann–Liouville fractional difference operator --- boundary value problem --- discrete fractional calculus --- existence and uniqueness --- Ulam stability --- elastic beam problem --- tempered fractional derivative --- one-sided tempered fractional derivative --- bilateral tempered fractional derivative --- tempered riesz potential --- collocation method --- hermite cubic spline --- fractional burgers equation --- fractional differential equation --- fractional Dzhrbashyan–Nersesyan derivative --- degenerate evolution equation --- initial value problem --- initial boundary value problem --- partial Riemann–Liouville fractional integral --- Babenko’s approach --- Banach fixed point theorem --- Mittag–Leffler function --- gamma function --- nabla fractional difference --- separated boundary conditions --- Green’s function --- existence of solutions --- Caputo q-derivative --- singular sum fractional q-differential --- fixed point --- equations --- Riemann–Liouville q-integral --- Shehu transform --- Caputo fractional derivative --- Shehu decomposition method --- new iterative transform method --- fractional KdV equation --- approximate solutions --- Riemann–Liouville derivative --- concave operator --- fixed point theorem --- Gelfand problem --- order cone --- integral transform --- Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative --- Aboodh transform iterative method --- φ-Hilfer fractional system with impulses --- semigroup theory --- nonlocal conditions --- optimal controls --- fractional derivatives --- fractional Prabhakar derivatives --- fractional differential equations --- fractional Sturm–Liouville problems --- eigenfunctions and eigenvalues --- Fredholm–Volterra integral Equations --- fractional derivative --- Bessel polynomials --- Caputo derivative --- collocation points --- Caputo–Fabrizio and Atangana-Baleanu operators --- time-fractional Kaup–Kupershmidt equation --- natural transform --- Adomian decomposition method