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This work explores the dynamic issues of race and religion within the Cherokee Nation and to look at the role of secret societies in shaping these forces during the nineteenth century.

Cherokee Indians --- Secret societies --- African Americans --- Slavery --- Ex-slaves of Indian tribes --- Former slaves of Indian tribes --- Indian freedmen --- Freedmen --- Abolition of slavery --- Antislavery --- Enslavement --- Mui tsai --- Ownership of slaves --- Servitude --- Slave keeping --- Slave system --- Slaveholding --- Thralldom --- Crimes against humanity --- Serfdom --- Slaveholders --- Slaves --- African American-Indian relations --- Indian-African American relations --- Indians of North America --- Negro-Indian relations --- Fraternities --- Hazing --- Rites and ceremonies --- Ritual --- Societies --- Sociology --- Initiations (into trades, societies, etc.) --- Five Civilized Tribes --- Iroquoian Indians --- Societies, etc. --- Ethnic identity. --- History. --- Relations with Indians. --- Relations with Indians --- Relations with African Americans --- Keetoowah Society. --- Indian freed persons --- Freed persons --- Ani'-Yun'wiya' Indians --- Anigaduwagi Indians --- Anitsalagi Indians --- AniYunWiYa Indians --- Aniyvwiya Indians --- Keetoowah Indians --- Kituwah Indians --- Tsalagi Indians --- Tslagi Indians --- Enslaved persons --- Ex-enslaved persons --- Freed enslaved persons --- Freedpersons