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Water Footprint Assessment is a young research field that considers how freshwater use, scarcity, and pollution relate to consumption, production, and trade patterns. This book presents a wide range of studies within this new field. It is argued that collective and coordinated action - at different scale levels and along all stages of commodity supply chains - is necessary to bring about more sustainable, efficient, and equitable water use. The presented studies range from farm to catchment and country level, and show how different actors along the supply chain of final commodities can contribute to more sustainable water use in the chain.

effective rain --- cabbage --- urban area --- water footprint benchmarks --- value addition --- threshold --- Haihe River Basin --- land footprint --- irrigation intensity --- environmental sustainability --- water resources --- virtual water trade --- land use change --- blue water footprint --- embedded resource accounting --- multi-level governance --- soil type --- cattle --- crop water demand --- lettuce --- modelling --- sustainability --- water scarcity footprint --- water scarcity --- green water availability --- root water uptake --- water footprint --- water productivity --- South Africa --- economic land productivity --- crop trade --- Amazon --- Cerrado --- wheat-bread --- international trade --- life cycle analysis --- broccoli --- value chain --- oil palm (Eleasis guineensis) --- crop choice --- water accounting --- retail --- Malawi --- river basin management --- Steenkoppies Aquifer --- carrots --- consumers --- wheat --- silk --- soybean --- water footprint assessment --- CSR --- sericulture --- food self-sufficiency --- water management --- water footprint accounting --- packhouse --- economic water productivities --- groundwater --- consumption --- Central Europe --- maize --- beetroot --- economic water productivity --- Mato Grosso --- regulation --- food security --- water saving --- crop ages

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Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.

Research. --- Environmental economics. --- blue prawn --- black tiger shrimp --- economic efficiency --- farming systems --- salinity intrusion --- soil salinity --- white-legged shrimp --- big blue stem --- Cave in rock --- claypan --- forbs --- legumes --- intercropping --- cropping systems --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- millet and sorghum --- diversification --- monocultivar --- mixed-species plantation --- biodiversity --- arthropod --- soil --- on-farm biodiversity indicators --- lupin --- triticale --- weeds --- nitrogen --- convolutional neural network --- light competition --- transfer learning --- growth stages --- mixed cropping --- accumulate growing degree days --- phyllochron --- grass regrowth --- leaf sheaths --- blades --- agricultural sustainability --- crop rotation --- rice --- eco-economic benefit --- externality --- perennial cropping systems --- grape production --- medicinal and aromatic plants --- grapevine yield --- must quality --- experimental design --- aboveground mass --- black medick --- Egyptian clover --- grain yield --- nutrients --- white clover --- foodshed --- archipelago --- city region --- food modelling --- food self-sufficiency --- self-reliance --- food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- crop diversification --- small farms --- HHI-Index --- Poland --- biochar --- sunflower husk --- soil respiration --- soybean --- n/a

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An increasing number of people live in cities. In recent decades, this, combined with rural abandonment and landscape polarisation, has resulted in high land ownership concentrations and agricultural intensification. This, in turn, has resulted in a significant decrease in the resilience of agriculture and overall food systems and threatens the maintenance of traditional indigenous and peasant farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconnect society with the sustainable use of agroecosystems by fostering resilient social–ecological systems, emphasising the links between the functioning of natural systems and human well-being, and stressing the benefits that people derive from them. This Special Issue aims to highlight impactful research and commentaries that focus on attempts to connect people with nature for the promotion of sustainable agricultural transitions. This Issue embraces inter- and trans-disciplinary studies from multiple disciplines (e.g., agricultural sciences, environmental sciences, geography, economy, and sociology), as well as those incorporating other knowledge systems (e.g., local and indigenous) in the co-construction of knowledge for sustainable agriculture, including studies in rural areas (e.g., GIAHS or HNV farmland) and initiatives that address urban–rural relationships or those developed within metropolitan areas (e.g., community-supported agriculture, food hubs, domestic gardens, multifunctional agriculture, and farmers´ or consumers´ cooperatives) and studies assessing the societal and ecological impacts of those initiatives.

Research & information: general --- community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human-nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site --- community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human-nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site

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An increasing number of people live in cities. In recent decades, this, combined with rural abandonment and landscape polarisation, has resulted in high land ownership concentrations and agricultural intensification. This, in turn, has resulted in a significant decrease in the resilience of agriculture and overall food systems and threatens the maintenance of traditional indigenous and peasant farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconnect society with the sustainable use of agroecosystems by fostering resilient social–ecological systems, emphasising the links between the functioning of natural systems and human well-being, and stressing the benefits that people derive from them. This Special Issue aims to highlight impactful research and commentaries that focus on attempts to connect people with nature for the promotion of sustainable agricultural transitions. This Issue embraces inter- and trans-disciplinary studies from multiple disciplines (e.g., agricultural sciences, environmental sciences, geography, economy, and sociology), as well as those incorporating other knowledge systems (e.g., local and indigenous) in the co-construction of knowledge for sustainable agriculture, including studies in rural areas (e.g., GIAHS or HNV farmland) and initiatives that address urban–rural relationships or those developed within metropolitan areas (e.g., community-supported agriculture, food hubs, domestic gardens, multifunctional agriculture, and farmers´ or consumers´ cooperatives) and studies assessing the societal and ecological impacts of those initiatives.

community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human–nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site --- n/a --- human-nature connectedness (HNC)