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Suzanne Junod's essay "Proscribing Deception": The Gould Net Weight Amendment and the Origins of Mandatory Nutrition Labeling" is the winner of the 2017 Charles Thomson Prize of the Society for the History of the Federal Government. In the second half of the nineteenth century, ways of thinking about food changed as chemists and physiologists identified nutrients and bodily needs and as urbanization, industrialization, and colonial encounters challenged traditional dietary customs and assumptions. Emerging as a reaction to concerns about industrial and military power, social welfare, and public health, the science of nutrition sought to define the norms and needs of variable human bodies, setting standards for bodies and foods that would enable physicians and politicians to develop nutritional recommendations and food policies for individuals and populations. Setting Nutritional Standards brings together authors from a variety of disciplines to explore perspectives on the theory, practices, and policies of modern nutrition science from the 1860s to the 1960s. The essays place the new science of nutrition within the changing social landscapes of Western Europe and the United States at the intersection of medicine, policy, social reform agendas, and public health initiatives. CONTRIBUTORS: Nick Cullather, Suzanne Junod, Deborah Neill, Elizabeth Neswald, David F. Smith, Ulrike Thoms, Corinna Treitel, Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska Elizabeth Neswald is associate professor for the history of science and technology at Brock University, Canada. David F. Smith is Honorary Senior Lecturer in the history of medicine at the University of Aberdeen. Ulrike Thoms is a historian of science and researcher at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science.

Food --- Diet --- Nutrition policy --- Food policy --- Nutrition --- Nutrition and state --- State and nutrition --- Social policy --- Health --- Food habits --- Foods --- Dinners and dining --- Home economics --- Table --- Cooking --- Dietaries --- Gastronomy --- Standards --- History --- Government policy --- Alimentation --- Physiology --- Dietetics --- Digestion --- Malnutrition --- Health aspects --- Polityka żywnosciowa --- Żywienie --- Żywność --- historia --- normy --- Primitive societies --- American food. --- European food. --- diet. --- doctors. --- eighteen hundreds. --- food planning. --- history of food. --- literature for nutritionists, history of nutrition science. --- medical history. --- modern history. --- nineteenth century. --- nutritionists. --- sociology. --- twentieth century.

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Agricultural diversification can occur in many forms (e.g., genetic variety, species, structural) and can be created temporally and over different spatially scales (e.g., within crop, within field, and landscape level). Crop diversification is the practice of growing more than one crop species within a farming area in the form of rotations (two or more crops on the same field in different years), multiple crops (more than one crop in the same season on the same field) or intercropping (at least two crops simultaneously on the same field).Various cropping strategies and management practices, such as diversification of cropping systems by crop rotation, conservation tillage, and the use of cover crops, have been promoted to enhance crop productivity and ecosystem services. However, the opportunities and means differ among regions and the actual effects of diversification on cropping system sustainability still need more investigation.This Special Issue covers the state-of-the-art and recent progress in different aspects related to agricultural diversification to increase the sustainability and resilience of a wide range of cropping systems (grassland, horticultural crops, fruit trees) and in a scenario of environmental challenges due to climate change: Crop production and quality; Impact of crop diversification on soil quality and biodiversity; Environmental impact and delivery of ecosystem services by crop diversification.

Research. --- Environmental economics. --- blue prawn --- black tiger shrimp --- economic efficiency --- farming systems --- salinity intrusion --- soil salinity --- white-legged shrimp --- big blue stem --- Cave in rock --- claypan --- forbs --- legumes --- intercropping --- cropping systems --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- millet and sorghum --- diversification --- monocultivar --- mixed-species plantation --- biodiversity --- arthropod --- soil --- on-farm biodiversity indicators --- lupin --- triticale --- weeds --- nitrogen --- convolutional neural network --- light competition --- transfer learning --- growth stages --- mixed cropping --- accumulate growing degree days --- phyllochron --- grass regrowth --- leaf sheaths --- blades --- agricultural sustainability --- crop rotation --- rice --- eco-economic benefit --- externality --- perennial cropping systems --- grape production --- medicinal and aromatic plants --- grapevine yield --- must quality --- experimental design --- aboveground mass --- black medick --- Egyptian clover --- grain yield --- nutrients --- white clover --- foodshed --- archipelago --- city region --- food modelling --- food self-sufficiency --- self-reliance --- food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- crop diversification --- small farms --- HHI-Index --- Poland --- biochar --- sunflower husk --- soil respiration --- soybean --- n/a

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An increasing number of people live in cities. In recent decades, this, combined with rural abandonment and landscape polarisation, has resulted in high land ownership concentrations and agricultural intensification. This, in turn, has resulted in a significant decrease in the resilience of agriculture and overall food systems and threatens the maintenance of traditional indigenous and peasant farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconnect society with the sustainable use of agroecosystems by fostering resilient social–ecological systems, emphasising the links between the functioning of natural systems and human well-being, and stressing the benefits that people derive from them. This Special Issue aims to highlight impactful research and commentaries that focus on attempts to connect people with nature for the promotion of sustainable agricultural transitions. This Issue embraces inter- and trans-disciplinary studies from multiple disciplines (e.g., agricultural sciences, environmental sciences, geography, economy, and sociology), as well as those incorporating other knowledge systems (e.g., local and indigenous) in the co-construction of knowledge for sustainable agriculture, including studies in rural areas (e.g., GIAHS or HNV farmland) and initiatives that address urban–rural relationships or those developed within metropolitan areas (e.g., community-supported agriculture, food hubs, domestic gardens, multifunctional agriculture, and farmers´ or consumers´ cooperatives) and studies assessing the societal and ecological impacts of those initiatives.

Research & information: general --- community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human-nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site --- community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human-nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site

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An increasing number of people live in cities. In recent decades, this, combined with rural abandonment and landscape polarisation, has resulted in high land ownership concentrations and agricultural intensification. This, in turn, has resulted in a significant decrease in the resilience of agriculture and overall food systems and threatens the maintenance of traditional indigenous and peasant farming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to reconnect society with the sustainable use of agroecosystems by fostering resilient social–ecological systems, emphasising the links between the functioning of natural systems and human well-being, and stressing the benefits that people derive from them. This Special Issue aims to highlight impactful research and commentaries that focus on attempts to connect people with nature for the promotion of sustainable agricultural transitions. This Issue embraces inter- and trans-disciplinary studies from multiple disciplines (e.g., agricultural sciences, environmental sciences, geography, economy, and sociology), as well as those incorporating other knowledge systems (e.g., local and indigenous) in the co-construction of knowledge for sustainable agriculture, including studies in rural areas (e.g., GIAHS or HNV farmland) and initiatives that address urban–rural relationships or those developed within metropolitan areas (e.g., community-supported agriculture, food hubs, domestic gardens, multifunctional agriculture, and farmers´ or consumers´ cooperatives) and studies assessing the societal and ecological impacts of those initiatives.

community supported agriculture --- alternative food networks --- spatial proximity --- relational proximity --- cross-national case study --- sustainable agriculture --- rural-urban interaction --- agroecology --- youth --- human-nature connectedness --- sustainability transitions --- depopulation --- ecological agriculture --- water conservation --- double-hurdle model --- interpretative structural modeling --- adoptions --- threatened plant --- agriculture --- Spain --- land use --- conservation --- human-nature reconnection --- cultural landscapes --- drivers of change --- landscape planning --- landscape stewardship --- mixed methods --- participatory governance --- rural abandonment --- stakeholder inclusion --- urban growth --- participatory mapping --- ecosystem services --- demand --- PGIS --- agricultural landscapes --- human nature connectedness --- agricultural innovations --- multi-level perspective --- agricultural knowledge and innovation systems (AKIS) --- conservative agriculture practices --- knowledge co-production --- mediterranean horticulture --- integrated pest management --- greenhouses --- soil health --- biological control --- pond naturalisation --- collective action --- socio-ecological systems --- sustainable agricultural transition --- consumers/citizens --- sustainable consumption --- innovative business models --- alternative agri-food networks (AAFNs) --- human–nature connectedness (HNC) --- multi-level perspective (MLP) --- community-supported agriculture (CSA) --- cooperatives --- food systems governance --- public policy --- inclusive multilateralism --- rights-based approach --- biodiversity --- climate change --- nature --- foodshed archipelago --- proximity food supply chains --- spatial signature --- city-region --- food self-sufficiency --- regional food security --- agricultural diversification --- food planning --- regional food system --- food policy --- socioecological systems --- local identity --- world heritage site --- n/a --- human-nature connectedness (HNC)