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Despite intense investigation of plant embryogenesis, there are still various open questions in this fascinating field. For example, our knowledge is still poor in relation to the spatiotemporal dynamics and the regulatory mechanisms of various embryonic events at all levels of whole plants, organs, tissues, cells, and molecules. We also need to understand the generality and diversity of embryonic features in a diverse range of species and also the bioengineering technologies to improve reproductive traits. Therefore, in this Special Issue, we show various articles, including original research papers and reviews, to expand our knowledge on plant embryogenesis, including works spanning from the various novel protocols of model plants to the regulations of somatic embryogenesis in agricultural plants.

tobacco --- embryogenesis --- suspensor --- programmed cell death --- TUNEL --- low-fluence --- red light --- shoot regeneration --- WUS --- NPA --- antioxidative enzymes --- arabinogalactan proteins --- centaury --- Gentianaceae --- in vitro culture --- morphogenesis --- plant growth regulators --- somatic embryo --- tissue culture --- clearing --- 3D imaging --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- embryo --- confocal microscopy --- cell wall staining --- fluorescent reporter --- GFP --- cyclic somatic embryogenesis --- direct somatic embryogenesis --- indirect somatic embryogenesis --- leaf explant --- histology --- 2,4-D --- CPPU --- auxins --- cytokinins --- regeneration --- picloram --- cryoplate --- vitrification solutions --- long-term preservation --- fertilization --- male excess --- parental genome --- paternal genome --- polyspermy --- rice --- epidermal development --- ATML1 --- transcriptional regulation --- post-transcriptional regulation

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Dear Colleagues, Synthetic biology is a broad and emerging discipline that capitalizes on recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, protein and RNA engineering and omics technologies. These technologies have transformed our ability to reveal the biology of the cell and the molecular basis of disease.

growth effect --- lysine acetylation --- Escherichia coli --- posttranslational modification --- class II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase --- amber stop codon suppression --- genetic code expansion --- yeasts --- phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase --- M. jannaschii orthogonal pair --- gene ontology --- selenocysteine --- genetic firewall --- indirect tRNA aminoacylation --- tRNA editing --- unnatural nucleotides --- reverse polymerization --- RNA metabolism --- genome editing --- tRNA --- tRNASer --- alternative amino acid and nucleotide repertoires --- biocontainment --- fluorescent reporter --- optogenetics --- tRNASep --- GluRS-like --- genetic isolation --- live cell imaging --- alternative core cellular chemistries --- fluorescence-based screen --- phosphoinositide dependent kinase 1 --- synthetic biology --- mistranslation --- tRNA repair --- synthetic life --- CUG-Ser --- unnatural amino acids --- recombinant protein production --- biopharmaceuticals --- protein modification --- functional conservation --- branched-chain amino acids --- alanyl-tRNA synthetase --- release factor 1 --- cyclic peptides --- AspRS --- xenobiology --- DNA delivery --- gene overexpression --- non-canonical amino acids --- ASKA collection --- protein kinase B --- codon bias --- microRNA quantification --- anticodon --- small molecule drug screening --- mRNA display --- genetic tools --- protein engineering --- misacylation --- transfer RNA --- Metschnikowia --- genome synthesis --- expanded genetic code --- yeast two hybrid --- orthogonal central dogma of molecular biology --- microRNA --- genome engineering