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In the research on environmental hydraulics, its turbulence, and its sediment transport, constant challenges have been faced. The complexity of hydraulic impacts on sediment transport and turbulent flow properties makes research in this area a difficult task. However, due to pressure from climate change and the mounting issue of pollution, environmental flow studies are more crucial than ever. Bedforming within rivers is a complex process that can be influenced by the hydraulics, vegetated field, and various suspended and bedload transports. Changes in flow conditions due to rain and flood can further complicate a hydraulic system. To date, the turbulence, morphologic, and bedforming characteristics of natural environmental flows are still not well understood. This book aims to bring together a collection of state-of-the-art research and technologies to form a useful guide for the related research and engineering communities. It may be useful for authorities, researchers, and environmental, civil, and water engineers to understand the current state-of-the-art practices in environmental flow modelling, measurement, and management. It may also be a good resource for research, post-, or undergraduate students who wish to know about the most up-to-date knowledge in this field.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- ADV --- bed-mounted horizontal cylinder --- gravel-bed --- sand-bed --- turbulence --- wake region --- floating structure --- hydrodynamic moment --- finite flowing water --- physical model tests --- statistical diagnosis --- bridge pier --- flat and eroded bed --- flow field --- velocity profile measurements --- wave --- current --- sediment --- maintenance dredging --- Nagan Raya --- unsaturated soil --- stability --- consolidation --- self-preservation in wall-wake --- circular pipe --- velocity deficit --- RSS deficit --- turbulence intensities deficit --- third-order correlations --- suspended sediment concentration --- dilute-hyper concentration --- Rouse number --- velocity lag --- bursting phenomena

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Ocean Structures subjected to actions of ocean waves require safety inspection as they protect human environment and everyday lives. Increasing uses of ocean environment have brought active research activities continuously. The newly developed technology of ocean energy even pushed the related needs forward one more step. This Special Issue focuses on Analysis of Interactions between wave structures and ocean waves. Although ocean structures may cover various practical and/or conceptual types, we hope in the years to come, the state-of-the-art applications in wave and structure interactions and/or progress review and future developments could be included. There are fifteen papers published in the Special issue. A brief description includes: Lee et al. [1] presented a concept of a water column type wave power converter. Li et al. [2] considered submerged breakwaters. Lin et al. [3] studied an ocean current turbine system. Thiagarajan and Moreno [4] investigated oscillating heave plates in wind turbines. Chiang et al. [5] proposed an actuator disk model. Tseng et al. [6] investigated Bragg reflections of periodic surface-piercing submerged breakwaters. Lee et al. [7] analyzed caisson structures with a wave power conversion system installed. Yeh et al. [8] reported motion reduction in offshore wind turbines. Wu and Hsiao [9] considered submerged slotted barriers. Tang et al. [10] studied floating platforms with fishnets. Chen et al. [11] calculated mooring drags of underwater floating structures with moorings. Jeong et al. [12] estimated the motion performance of light buoys using ecofriendly and lightweight materials. Zhang et al. [13] considered vibrations of deep-sea risers. On the other hand, Shugan et al. [14] studied the effects of plastic coating on sea surfaces.

Technology: general issues --- deep-sea riser --- top tension --- vortex-induced vibration --- numerical simulation --- experiment --- light buoy --- motion performance in waves --- potential-based simulations --- viscous damping coefficients --- free decay tests --- computational fluid dynamics --- analytic solution --- water waves --- underwater floating structure --- mooring forces --- interaction --- floating platform --- fishnet mesh size --- frequency-domain --- time-domain --- nonlinear waves --- BEM --- solitary wave --- submerged breakwater --- slotted barrier --- PIV --- RANS model --- motion reduction control --- renewable energy --- TLD --- offshore wind turbine --- structural safety --- breakwater design --- wave energy --- wave power converting system --- caisson breakwater application --- eigenfunction matching method --- oblique wave --- Bragg reflection --- step approximation --- surface-piercing structure --- periodic bottom --- surface waves --- wave breaker --- elastic plate --- power prediction --- capacity factor --- actuator disk --- wind farm --- heave plate --- free surface effect --- floating offshore wind turbine --- hydrodynamic coefficients --- added mass --- damping coefficient --- forced oscillation in waves --- Keulegan Carpenter number --- stability --- ocean current power system --- surface type --- buoyance platform --- mooring foundation --- particle image velocimetry --- submerged obstacle --- undulating breakwater --- rectangular breakwater --- vortex energy --- offshore wind power --- template structure system --- oscillating water column --- n/a --- typhoon --- gust --- extreme wind --- aerodynamic load

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• Reference Manager
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Ocean Structures subjected to actions of ocean waves require safety inspection as they protect human environment and everyday lives. Increasing uses of ocean environment have brought active research activities continuously. The newly developed technology of ocean energy even pushed the related needs forward one more step. This Special Issue focuses on Analysis of Interactions between wave structures and ocean waves. Although ocean structures may cover various practical and/or conceptual types, we hope in the years to come, the state-of-the-art applications in wave and structure interactions and/or progress review and future developments could be included. There are fifteen papers published in the Special issue. A brief description includes: Lee et al. [1] presented a concept of a water column type wave power converter. Li et al. [2] considered submerged breakwaters. Lin et al. [3] studied an ocean current turbine system. Thiagarajan and Moreno [4] investigated oscillating heave plates in wind turbines. Chiang et al. [5] proposed an actuator disk model. Tseng et al. [6] investigated Bragg reflections of periodic surface-piercing submerged breakwaters. Lee et al. [7] analyzed caisson structures with a wave power conversion system installed. Yeh et al. [8] reported motion reduction in offshore wind turbines. Wu and Hsiao [9] considered submerged slotted barriers. Tang et al. [10] studied floating platforms with fishnets. Chen et al. [11] calculated mooring drags of underwater floating structures with moorings. Jeong et al. [12] estimated the motion performance of light buoys using ecofriendly and lightweight materials. Zhang et al. [13] considered vibrations of deep-sea risers. On the other hand, Shugan et al. [14] studied the effects of plastic coating on sea surfaces.

Technology: general issues --- deep-sea riser --- top tension --- vortex-induced vibration --- numerical simulation --- experiment --- light buoy --- motion performance in waves --- potential-based simulations --- viscous damping coefficients --- free decay tests --- computational fluid dynamics --- analytic solution --- water waves --- underwater floating structure --- mooring forces --- interaction --- floating platform --- fishnet mesh size --- frequency-domain --- time-domain --- nonlinear waves --- BEM --- solitary wave --- submerged breakwater --- slotted barrier --- PIV --- RANS model --- motion reduction control --- renewable energy --- TLD --- offshore wind turbine --- structural safety --- breakwater design --- wave energy --- wave power converting system --- caisson breakwater application --- eigenfunction matching method --- oblique wave --- Bragg reflection --- step approximation --- surface-piercing structure --- periodic bottom --- surface waves --- wave breaker --- elastic plate --- power prediction --- capacity factor --- actuator disk --- wind farm --- heave plate --- free surface effect --- floating offshore wind turbine --- hydrodynamic coefficients --- added mass --- damping coefficient --- forced oscillation in waves --- Keulegan Carpenter number --- stability --- ocean current power system --- surface type --- buoyance platform --- mooring foundation --- particle image velocimetry --- submerged obstacle --- undulating breakwater --- rectangular breakwater --- vortex energy --- offshore wind power --- template structure system --- oscillating water column --- typhoon --- gust --- extreme wind --- aerodynamic load