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Understanding of the role of turbulence in controlling transport processes is of paramount importance for the preservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems, the minimization of the deleterious consequences of anthropogenic activity, and the successful sustainable development of river and maritime areas. In this context, the present Special Issue collects 15 papers which provide a representation of the present understanding of turbulent processes and their effects in river and maritime environments. The presented collection of papers is not exhaustive, but it highlights the key priority areas and knowledge gaps in this field of research. The published papers present the state-of-the-art knowledge of complex environmental flows which are useful for researchers and practitioners. The paper contents are an overview of some recent topics of research and an exposure of the current and future challenges associated with these topics.

inclined negatively buoyant jets --- flow mixing --- Kelvin–Helmholtz --- flow-through system --- mixing --- regular waves --- vegetation patch --- turbulence invariants --- junction angle --- gravel-bed rivers --- spatial analysis --- spectral model --- coastal lagoon --- roughness --- MIKE 21 FM (HD) --- billow --- dissipation --- river mouth --- waves --- advection --- wave–current interaction --- plunging breaking waves --- turbulence --- flow deflection zone --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics models --- numerical modelling --- physical modelling --- surface waves --- lobe --- dilution --- numerical model --- channel confluences --- prediction --- meanders --- CFD --- bedrock canyon --- MIKE 3 FM (HD & --- SVF --- diffusion --- dense jet --- sub-grid turbulence --- flow separation zone --- breaking waves --- Spartina maritima --- jets --- maritime areas --- flow retardation zone --- seabed friction --- sea discharges --- secondary motion --- ADCP --- cleft --- submerged ratio --- laboratory experiments --- wake region --- eddy viscosity --- bottom friction --- casting technique --- turbulent jet --- tidal inlets --- rivers --- nonlinear shallow water equations --- vorticity --- hydrodynamic model --- flow resistance --- PANORMUS --- spectral dissipation --- TR) --- macrovortices --- turbulent processes --- velocity --- trajectory --- flexible vegetation --- energy dissipation --- gravity current --- bed shear stress --- current flow --- drag coefficient --- residence time --- wave attenuation

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Understanding of the role of turbulence in controlling transport processes is of paramount importance for the preservation and protection of aquatic ecosystems, the minimization of the deleterious consequences of anthropogenic activity, and the successful sustainable development of river and maritime areas. In this context, the present Special Issue collects 15 papers which provide a representation of the present understanding of turbulent processes and their effects in river and maritime environments. The presented collection of papers is not exhaustive, but it highlights the key priority areas and knowledge gaps in this field of research. The published papers present the state-of-the-art knowledge of complex environmental flows which are useful for researchers and practitioners. The paper contents are an overview of some recent topics of research and an exposure of the current and future challenges associated with these topics.

inclined negatively buoyant jets --- flow mixing --- Kelvin–Helmholtz --- flow-through system --- mixing --- regular waves --- vegetation patch --- turbulence invariants --- junction angle --- gravel-bed rivers --- spatial analysis --- spectral model --- coastal lagoon --- roughness --- MIKE 21 FM (HD) --- billow --- dissipation --- river mouth --- waves --- advection --- wave–current interaction --- plunging breaking waves --- turbulence --- flow deflection zone --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics models --- numerical modelling --- physical modelling --- surface waves --- lobe --- dilution --- numerical model --- channel confluences --- prediction --- meanders --- CFD --- bedrock canyon --- MIKE 3 FM (HD & --- SVF --- diffusion --- dense jet --- sub-grid turbulence --- flow separation zone --- breaking waves --- Spartina maritima --- jets --- maritime areas --- flow retardation zone --- seabed friction --- sea discharges --- secondary motion --- ADCP --- cleft --- submerged ratio --- laboratory experiments --- wake region --- eddy viscosity --- bottom friction --- casting technique --- turbulent jet --- tidal inlets --- rivers --- nonlinear shallow water equations --- vorticity --- hydrodynamic model --- flow resistance --- PANORMUS --- spectral dissipation --- TR) --- macrovortices --- turbulent processes --- velocity --- trajectory --- flexible vegetation --- energy dissipation --- gravity current --- bed shear stress --- current flow --- drag coefficient --- residence time --- wave attenuation --- inclined negatively buoyant jets --- flow mixing --- Kelvin–Helmholtz --- flow-through system --- mixing --- regular waves --- vegetation patch --- turbulence invariants --- junction angle --- gravel-bed rivers --- spatial analysis --- spectral model --- coastal lagoon --- roughness --- MIKE 21 FM (HD) --- billow --- dissipation --- river mouth --- waves --- advection --- wave–current interaction --- plunging breaking waves --- turbulence --- flow deflection zone --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics models --- numerical modelling --- physical modelling --- surface waves --- lobe --- dilution --- numerical model --- channel confluences --- prediction --- meanders --- CFD --- bedrock canyon --- MIKE 3 FM (HD & --- SVF --- diffusion --- dense jet --- sub-grid turbulence --- flow separation zone --- breaking waves --- Spartina maritima --- jets --- maritime areas --- flow retardation zone --- seabed friction --- sea discharges --- secondary motion --- ADCP --- cleft --- submerged ratio --- laboratory experiments --- wake region --- eddy viscosity --- bottom friction --- casting technique --- turbulent jet --- tidal inlets --- rivers --- nonlinear shallow water equations --- vorticity --- hydrodynamic model --- flow resistance --- PANORMUS --- spectral dissipation --- TR) --- macrovortices --- turbulent processes --- velocity --- trajectory --- flexible vegetation --- energy dissipation --- gravity current --- bed shear stress --- current flow --- drag coefficient --- residence time --- wave attenuation

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization have progressively caused severe impacts on the mountainous, river, coastal environments, and have increased the risks for people living in these areas. Human activities have changed the ecosystems, and, hence, it is important to determine ways to predict these consequences to enable the preservation and restoration of these key areas. Furthermore, extreme events attributed to climate change are becoming more frequent, aggravating the entire scenario and introducing ulterior uncertainties for the accurate and efficient management of these areas to protect the environment, as well as the health and safety of people. Climate change is altering the rain and extreme heat, as well as inducing other weather mutations. All these lead to more frequent natural disasters such as flood events, erosions, and contamination and spreading of pollutants. Therefore, efforts need to be devoted to investigating the underlying causes, and to identifying feasible mitigation and adaptation strategies to reduce the negative impacts on both the environment and citizens. In support of this aim, the selected papers in this book covered a wide range of issues that are mainly relevant to the following: i) the numerical and experimental characterization of complex flow conditions under specific circumstances induced by the natural hazards; ii) the effect of climate change on the hydrological processes in the mountainous, river and coastal environments, iii) the protection of ecosystems and the restoration of areas damaged by the effects of the climate change and human activities.

Research & information: general --- check dam --- hydrologic response --- sediment transport --- InHM --- Loess Plateau --- stratification effect --- inertia effect --- secondary flow --- meandering --- sediment laden flows --- pier scour --- non-uniform sediment --- armor layer --- equilibrium scour depth processes --- clear water scour condition --- suffusion --- internal stability --- grain size distribution (GSD) --- ecological operation --- multi-scale --- decomposition-coordination --- hydrologic alterations --- embankments --- overtopping failure --- material point method --- water–soil interactions --- numerical simulation --- SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) --- water-related natural hazards --- sediment scouring --- dense granular flow --- fast landslide --- surge wave --- flooding on complex topography --- HPC (High Performance Computing) --- FOSS (Free Open Source Software) --- climate change --- water levels --- causes and implications --- Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau --- rainfall patterns --- rainfall-runoff --- soil erosion --- slope length --- slope gradient --- non-homogeneous debris flow --- viscous coefficients --- intermittent debris flows --- energy conversion --- focusing waves --- wave amplitude spectra --- space-time parameter --- experimental investigations --- InVEST model --- wetland --- ecosystem service assessment --- value analysis --- schistosomiasis prevention --- ISPH --- liquid sloshing --- water jet flow --- impact pressure --- excitation frequency --- Navier-Stokes equation --- SST k-ω turbulence model --- vortex-induced vibration (VIV) --- Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method --- finite element method (FEM) --- rock–soil contact area --- fissure flow --- karst rocky desertification --- runoff --- rainfall simulation --- Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) --- porous media --- mathematical model --- coastal structure --- ocean and engineering --- turbulence --- emergent vegetation --- flexible vegetation --- rigid vegetation --- coherent structures --- shear layer --- elastic actuator line model --- OpenFOAM --- NREL 5 MW wind turbine --- aeroelastic performance --- check dam system --- sedimentary land --- flood control --- dam break --- SWE --- SPH --- openMP --- numerical modelling --- computational time --- experimental modelling --- scouring --- smoothed-particle hydrodynamics --- flooding --- dam-break --- debris flows --- urban evolution --- natural hazard --- check dam --- hydrologic response --- sediment transport --- InHM --- Loess Plateau --- stratification effect --- inertia effect --- secondary flow --- meandering --- sediment laden flows --- pier scour --- non-uniform sediment --- armor layer --- equilibrium scour depth processes --- clear water scour condition --- suffusion --- internal stability --- grain size distribution (GSD) --- ecological operation --- multi-scale --- decomposition-coordination --- hydrologic alterations --- embankments --- overtopping failure --- material point method --- water–soil interactions --- numerical simulation --- SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) --- water-related natural hazards --- sediment scouring --- dense granular flow --- fast landslide --- surge wave --- flooding on complex topography --- HPC (High Performance Computing) --- FOSS (Free Open Source Software) --- climate change --- water levels --- causes and implications --- Qinghai Lake, Tibetan Plateau --- rainfall patterns --- rainfall-runoff --- soil erosion --- slope length --- slope gradient --- non-homogeneous debris flow --- viscous coefficients --- intermittent debris flows --- energy conversion --- focusing waves --- wave amplitude spectra --- space-time parameter --- experimental investigations --- InVEST model --- wetland --- ecosystem service assessment --- value analysis --- schistosomiasis prevention --- ISPH --- liquid sloshing --- water jet flow --- impact pressure --- excitation frequency --- Navier-Stokes equation --- SST k-ω turbulence model --- vortex-induced vibration (VIV) --- Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) method --- finite element method (FEM) --- rock–soil contact area --- fissure flow --- karst rocky desertification --- runoff --- rainfall simulation --- Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) --- porous media --- mathematical model --- coastal structure --- ocean and engineering --- turbulence --- emergent vegetation --- flexible vegetation --- rigid vegetation --- coherent structures --- shear layer --- elastic actuator line model --- OpenFOAM --- NREL 5 MW wind turbine --- aeroelastic performance --- check dam system --- sedimentary land --- flood control --- dam break --- SWE --- SPH --- openMP --- numerical modelling --- computational time --- experimental modelling --- scouring --- smoothed-particle hydrodynamics --- flooding --- dam-break --- debris flows --- urban evolution --- natural hazard