Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelectrode arrays are utilized in different microfluidic biosensing modalities, where a higher sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection are desired. Carbon nanotube microelectrode arrays are used for DNA detection, multi-electrode array chips are used for drug discovery, and there has been an explosion of research into brain–machine interfaces, fueled by microfabricated electrode arrays, both planar and three-dimensional. The advantages associated with microelectrode arrays include small size, the ability to manufacture repeatedly and reliably tens to thousands of micro-electrodes on both rigid and flexible substrates, and their utility for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To realize their full potential, there is a need to develop and integrate microelectrode arrays to form useful medical device systems. As the field of microelectrode array research is wide, and touches many application areas, it is often difficult to locate a single source of relevant information. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles, that focus on the application of microelectrode arrays in the medical device sector. Particular interest will be paid to innovative application areas that can improve existing medical devices, such as for neuromodulation and real world lab-on-a-chip applications.

Technology: general issues --- electrothermal --- microelectrode --- microfluidics --- micromixing --- micropump --- alternating current (AC) electrokinetics --- bisphenol A --- self-assembly --- biosensor --- flexible electrode --- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) --- pyramid array micro-structures --- low contact impedance --- multimodal laser micromachining --- ablation characteristics --- shadow mask --- interdigitated electrodes --- soft sensors --- liquid metal --- fabrication --- principle --- arrays --- application --- induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon --- ego-dielectrophoresis --- mobile electrode --- Janus microsphere --- continuous biomolecule collection --- electroconvection --- microelectrode array (MEA) --- ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) --- indium tin oxide (ITO) --- titanium nitride (TiN) --- neurons --- transparent --- islets of Langerhans --- insulin secretion --- glucose stimulated insulin response --- electrochemical transduction --- intracortical microelectrode arrays --- shape memory polymer --- softening --- robust --- brain tissue oxygen --- in vivo monitoring --- multi-site clinical depth electrode --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Microelectrode arrays are increasingly used in a wide variety of situations in the medical device sector. For example, one major challenge in microfluidic devices is the manipulation of fluids and droplets effectively at such scales. Due to the laminar flow regime (i.e., low Reynolds number) in microfluidic devices, the mixing of species is also difficult, and unless an active mixing strategy is employed, passive diffusion is the only mechanism that causes the fluid to mix. For many applications, diffusion is considered too slow, and thus many active pumping and mixing strategies have been employed using electrokinetic methods, which utilize a variety of simple and complex microelectrode array structures. Microelectrodes have also been implemented in in vitro intracellular delivery platforms to conduct cell electroporation on chip, where a highly localized electric field on the scale of a single cell is generated to enhance the uptake of extracellular material. In addition, microelectrode arrays are utilized in different microfluidic biosensing modalities, where a higher sensitivity, selectivity, and limit-of-detection are desired. Carbon nanotube microelectrode arrays are used for DNA detection, multi-electrode array chips are used for drug discovery, and there has been an explosion of research into brain–machine interfaces, fueled by microfabricated electrode arrays, both planar and three-dimensional. The advantages associated with microelectrode arrays include small size, the ability to manufacture repeatedly and reliably tens to thousands of micro-electrodes on both rigid and flexible substrates, and their utility for both in vitro and in vivo applications. To realize their full potential, there is a need to develop and integrate microelectrode arrays to form useful medical device systems. As the field of microelectrode array research is wide, and touches many application areas, it is often difficult to locate a single source of relevant information. This Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles, that focus on the application of microelectrode arrays in the medical device sector. Particular interest will be paid to innovative application areas that can improve existing medical devices, such as for neuromodulation and real world lab-on-a-chip applications.

Technology: general issues --- electrothermal --- microelectrode --- microfluidics --- micromixing --- micropump --- alternating current (AC) electrokinetics --- bisphenol A --- self-assembly --- biosensor --- flexible electrode --- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) --- pyramid array micro-structures --- low contact impedance --- multimodal laser micromachining --- ablation characteristics --- shadow mask --- interdigitated electrodes --- soft sensors --- liquid metal --- fabrication --- principle --- arrays --- application --- induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon --- ego-dielectrophoresis --- mobile electrode --- Janus microsphere --- continuous biomolecule collection --- electroconvection --- microelectrode array (MEA) --- ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) --- indium tin oxide (ITO) --- titanium nitride (TiN) --- neurons --- transparent --- islets of Langerhans --- insulin secretion --- glucose stimulated insulin response --- electrochemical transduction --- intracortical microelectrode arrays --- shape memory polymer --- softening --- robust --- brain tissue oxygen --- in vivo monitoring --- multi-site clinical depth electrode --- electrothermal --- microelectrode --- microfluidics --- micromixing --- micropump --- alternating current (AC) electrokinetics --- bisphenol A --- self-assembly --- biosensor --- flexible electrode --- polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) --- pyramid array micro-structures --- low contact impedance --- multimodal laser micromachining --- ablation characteristics --- shadow mask --- interdigitated electrodes --- soft sensors --- liquid metal --- fabrication --- principle --- arrays --- application --- induced-charge electrokinetic phenomenon --- ego-dielectrophoresis --- mobile electrode --- Janus microsphere --- continuous biomolecule collection --- electroconvection --- microelectrode array (MEA) --- ion beam assisted electron beam deposition (IBAD) --- indium tin oxide (ITO) --- titanium nitride (TiN) --- neurons --- transparent --- islets of Langerhans --- insulin secretion --- glucose stimulated insulin response --- electrochemical transduction --- intracortical microelectrode arrays --- shape memory polymer --- softening --- robust --- brain tissue oxygen --- in vivo monitoring --- multi-site clinical depth electrode

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and its derivatives, nanodiamond, fullerenes, and other nano-sized carbon allotropes have recently attracted a lot of attention among the scientific community due to their enormous potential for a wide number of applications arising from their large specific surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties. The combination of carbon nanomaterials with polymers leads to new nanocomposites with improved structural and functional properties due to synergistic effects. In particular, the properties of carbon-based polymer nanocomposites can be easily tuned by carefully controlling the carbon nanomaterial synthesis route and additionally the versatile synergistic interactions amongst the nanomaterials and polymers. This book provides selected examples of the most recent advances regarding carbon nanomaterial-reinforced polymeric composites. It includes the most representative types of polymeric matrices and covers aspects of new processing techniques, novel surface modifications of carbon nanomaterials and their applications in diverse fields, in particular in electronics and energy storage.

Technology: general issues --- multi walled carbon nanotubes --- polyacrylonitrile --- nascent fiber --- thermal properties --- morphological structure --- nanocomposites --- graphene --- melt processing --- mechanical properties --- electrical conductivity --- electrostatic spraying --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- waterborne polyurethane coating --- dispersity --- surface hardness --- wear rate --- friction coefficient --- in-mold decoration injection molding --- microcellular injection molding --- surface quality --- warpage --- multiwalled carbon nanotube --- hyaluronic acid --- microfibers --- wet-spinning --- microstructures --- tensile properties --- Ag --- CNT --- flexible supercapacitor electrode --- polymer conductive film --- cellulose acetate membrane --- PANI --- graphene oxide --- hexamethylene diisocyanate --- nanocomposite --- thermal stability --- polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid --- single-walled carbon nanotubes --- conjugated polymers --- in situ oxidative polymerization --- hybrid nanocomposites --- polypropylene --- carbon nanotube --- titanium dioxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- polyurethane foam --- flexible electronics --- pressure sensing --- polyethyleneimine --- thermoelectric properties --- carrier type --- Paal-Knorr reaction --- polyketone --- carbon nanotubes --- Diels-Alder --- click-chemistry --- hydrogen bonding --- self-healing --- re-workability --- recycling --- Joule heating --- flexible electrode --- cross-linked acrylamide/alginate --- tensile strength --- impedance spectroscopy --- polymer electrolyte --- Li-ion micro-batteries --- flexible anode --- pre-lithiation --- carbon-based polymer nanocomposite --- energy storage --- fuel cell --- electrochemical devices --- multi walled carbon nanotubes --- polyacrylonitrile --- nascent fiber --- thermal properties --- morphological structure --- nanocomposites --- graphene --- melt processing --- mechanical properties --- electrical conductivity --- electrostatic spraying --- multi-walled carbon nanotubes --- waterborne polyurethane coating --- dispersity --- surface hardness --- wear rate --- friction coefficient --- in-mold decoration injection molding --- microcellular injection molding --- surface quality --- warpage --- multiwalled carbon nanotube --- hyaluronic acid --- microfibers --- wet-spinning --- microstructures --- tensile properties --- Ag --- CNT --- flexible supercapacitor electrode --- polymer conductive film --- cellulose acetate membrane --- PANI --- graphene oxide --- hexamethylene diisocyanate --- nanocomposite --- thermal stability --- polydiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid --- single-walled carbon nanotubes --- conjugated polymers --- in situ oxidative polymerization --- hybrid nanocomposites --- polypropylene --- carbon nanotube --- titanium dioxide --- reduced graphene oxide --- polyurethane foam --- flexible electronics --- pressure sensing --- polyethyleneimine --- thermoelectric properties --- carrier type --- Paal-Knorr reaction --- polyketone --- carbon nanotubes --- Diels-Alder --- click-chemistry --- hydrogen bonding --- self-healing --- re-workability --- recycling --- Joule heating --- flexible electrode --- cross-linked acrylamide/alginate --- tensile strength --- impedance spectroscopy --- polymer electrolyte --- Li-ion micro-batteries --- flexible anode --- pre-lithiation --- carbon-based polymer nanocomposite --- energy storage --- fuel cell --- electrochemical devices