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A prominent issue in many contemporary philosophy of religion debates concerns whether the universe has a Designer. This book moves the discussion ahead in a significant way by devising an original deductive formulation of the Teleological Argument (TA) which demonstrates that the following are the only possible categories of hypotheses concerning fine-tuning and order: (i) chance, (ii) regularity, (iii) combinations of regularity and chance, (iv) uncaused, and (v) design. This book also demonstrates that there are essential features of each category such that, while the alternatives to design are unlikely, the Design Hypothesis is not, and that one can argue for design by exclusion without having to first assign a prior probability for design. By combining the TA with the Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) which it defends against various objections, this book responds to the God-of-the-gaps objection by demonstrating that the conclusion of the KCA-TA is not based on gaps which can be filled by further scientific progress, but follows from deduction and exclusion. This is an open access book.

Philosophy of religion --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy: metaphysics & ontology --- Ultimate Designer --- Cosmology --- Causation --- Fine-Tuning --- First Cause --- Laws of Nature

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There is significant interest in the Philosophy of Science community to understand the role that "effective theories" have in the work of forefront science. The ideas of effective theories have been implicit in science for a long time, but have only been articulated well in the last few decades. Since Wilson's renormalization group revolution in the early 1970's, the science community has come to more fully understand its power, and by the mid-1990's it had gained its apotheosis. It is still one of the most powerful concepts in science, which has direct impact in how one thinks about and formulates theories of nature. It is this power that this Brief sets out to emphasize through historical analysis and current examples.

Biomedical engineering -- Philosophy. --- Physics -- Philosophy. --- Physics. --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Applied Physics --- Science --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy and science. --- Theoretical, Mathematical and Computational Physics. --- History and Philosophical Foundations of Physics. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Mathematical physics. --- Science and philosophy --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Physical mathematics --- Physics --- Mathematics --- Effectiv field theory --- Effective action --- Effective theories --- Naturalness and fine-tuning in theoretical physics --- Phenomenology --- Renormalization group --- Symmetries in Physics

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Rice feeds more than half of the world population. Its small genome size and ease in transformation have made rice the model crop in plant physiology and genetics. Molecular as well as Mendelian, forward as well as reverse genetics collaborate with each other to expand rice genetics. The wild relatives of rice belonging to the genus Oryza are distributed in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania. They are good sources for the study of domestication and adaptation. Rice was the first crop to have its entire genome sequenced. With the help of the reference genome of Nipponbare and the advent of the next generation sequencer, the study of the rice genome has been accelerated. The mining of DNA polymorphism has permitted map-based cloning, QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, and the production of many kinds of experimental lines, such as recombinant inbred lines, backcross inbred lines, and chromosomal segment substitution lines. Inter- and intraspecific hybridization among Oryza species has opened the door to various levels of reproductive barriers ranging from prezygotic to postzygotic. This Special Issue contains eleven papers on genetic studies of rice and its relatives utilizing the rich genetic resources and/or rich genome information described above.

African rice --- climate change --- genomic resources --- genetic potential --- genome sequencing --- domestication --- transcriptome and chloroplast --- anther length --- cell elongation --- genetic architecture --- outcrossing --- perennial species --- rice --- reproductive barrier --- segregation distortion --- abortion --- wild rice --- O. meridionalis --- O. sativa --- gene duplication --- Oryza sativa --- hybrid weakness --- cell death --- reactive oxygen species --- leaf yellowing --- SPAD --- hypersensitive response --- semidawarf gene --- d60 --- sd1 --- yield component --- phenotyping --- growth --- Seed shattering --- O. barthii --- HS1 --- haplotype --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- evolutionary relationships --- chloroplast genome --- nuclear genome --- phylogeny --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- brown planthopper --- near-isogenic lines --- pyramided lines --- resistance --- virulence --- flowering time --- photoperiod sensitivity --- allelic variation --- fine-tuning --- Oryza --- speciation --- divergence --- life history --- phylogenetic relation --- Australian continent --- abiotic stress --- salinity --- whole genome re-sequencing

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Data science is an emerging multidisciplinary field which lies at the intersection of computer science, statistics, and mathematics, with different applications and related to data mining, deep learning, and big data. This Special Issue on “Principles and Applications of Data Science” focuses on the latest developments in the theories, techniques, and applications of data science. The topics include data cleansing, data mining, machine learning, deep learning, and the applications of medical and healthcare, as well as social media.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- deep learning --- user preference learning --- feature fusion --- similar user recommendation --- convolutional neural network --- image classification --- electronic health records --- fair exchange --- forward secrecy --- raw material --- mining --- terminology --- dictionary --- terminology application --- mobile application --- digitization --- lexical data --- corpus data --- linguistic linked open data --- neuro-fuzzy --- prediction model --- air pollution --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- self-attention mechanism --- graph neural network --- data mining --- behaviour sequence pattern --- behaviour network --- water crystal --- fine-tuning --- supervised --- classification --- combined classification model --- deep transfer learning --- focal-segmental --- kidney disease --- kidney glomeruli --- medical image --- sclerosed glomeruli --- predictive analytics --- Internet of Things --- peasant farming --- smart farming system --- crop production prediction --- deep learning --- user preference learning --- feature fusion --- similar user recommendation --- convolutional neural network --- image classification --- electronic health records --- fair exchange --- forward secrecy --- raw material --- mining --- terminology --- dictionary --- terminology application --- mobile application --- digitization --- lexical data --- corpus data --- linguistic linked open data --- neuro-fuzzy --- prediction model --- air pollution --- PM2.5 --- PM10 --- self-attention mechanism --- graph neural network --- data mining --- behaviour sequence pattern --- behaviour network --- water crystal --- fine-tuning --- supervised --- classification --- combined classification model --- deep transfer learning --- focal-segmental --- kidney disease --- kidney glomeruli --- medical image --- sclerosed glomeruli --- predictive analytics --- Internet of Things --- peasant farming --- smart farming system --- crop production prediction

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Rice feeds more than half of the world population. Its small genome size and ease in transformation have made rice the model crop in plant physiology and genetics. Molecular as well as Mendelian, forward as well as reverse genetics collaborate with each other to expand rice genetics. The wild relatives of rice belonging to the genus Oryza are distributed in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania. They are good sources for the study of domestication and adaptation. Rice was the first crop to have its entire genome sequenced. With the help of the reference genome of Nipponbare and the advent of the next generation sequencer, the study of the rice genome has been accelerated. The mining of DNA polymorphism has permitted map-based cloning, QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, and the production of many kinds of experimental lines, such as recombinant inbred lines, backcross inbred lines, and chromosomal segment substitution lines. Inter- and intraspecific hybridization among Oryza species has opened the door to various levels of reproductive barriers ranging from prezygotic to postzygotic. This Special Issue contains eleven papers on genetic studies of rice and its relatives utilizing the rich genetic resources and/or rich genome information described above.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- African rice --- climate change --- genomic resources --- genetic potential --- genome sequencing --- domestication --- transcriptome and chloroplast --- anther length --- cell elongation --- genetic architecture --- outcrossing --- perennial species --- rice --- reproductive barrier --- segregation distortion --- abortion --- wild rice --- O. meridionalis --- O. sativa --- gene duplication --- Oryza sativa --- hybrid weakness --- cell death --- reactive oxygen species --- leaf yellowing --- SPAD --- hypersensitive response --- semidawarf gene --- d60 --- sd1 --- yield component --- phenotyping --- growth --- Seed shattering --- O. barthii --- HS1 --- haplotype --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- evolutionary relationships --- chloroplast genome --- nuclear genome --- phylogeny --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- brown planthopper --- near-isogenic lines --- pyramided lines --- resistance --- virulence --- flowering time --- photoperiod sensitivity --- allelic variation --- fine-tuning --- Oryza --- speciation --- divergence --- life history --- phylogenetic relation --- Australian continent --- abiotic stress --- salinity --- whole genome re-sequencing