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Financial incentives are a promising HIV prevention strategy. This paper assesses the effect on HIV incidence of a lottery program in Lesotho with low expected payments but a chance to win a high prize conditional on negative test results for sexually transmitted infections. The intervention resulted in a 21.4 percent reduction in HIV incidence over two years. Lottery incentives appear to be particularly effective for individuals willing to take risks. This paper estimates a model linking sexual behavior to HIV incidence and finds that risk-loving individuals reduce the number of unprotected sexual acts by 0.3/month for every USD 1 increase in the expected prize.

Financial Incentives --- HIV Prevention Strategy --- Lottery Incentives --- Sexually Transmitted Infections --- Unprotected Sexual Acts

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Een uitgebreide Nederlandse vertaling is beschikbaar via

Insurance, Disability --- Government policy --- Mathematical models. --- Disability insurance --- Financial incentives --- Moral hazard --- E-working papers --- Insurance, Disability - Government policy - Netherlands. --- Insurance, Disability - Netherlands - Mathematical models.

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The purpose of this paper is to benchmark Tunisia against other emerging economies in terms of the regulatory barriers affecting particular services sectors, and to assess the economy-wide effects of further liberalizing these services trade restrictions, compared with reducing the dispersion in barriers to its merchandise trade. On the basis of a rather restricted sample of services sectors, partial regulatory reform would yield gains roughly equivalent to full unilateral reform of manufacturing tariffs, but roughly one-tenth the gains from full bilateral reform of border protection in agriculture with the European Union. The adjustment costs associated with these services trade reforms would be minimal. The paper identifies the reasons why the gains from these services reforms are relatively small, and argues that a wider set of reforms could provide win-win outcomes and even fewer adjustment costs. By contrast, the gains in agriculture and manufacturing tend to come at the expense of domestic output in the reforming sectors - the gains are greater, but so too are the adjustment costs.

Air --- Air fares --- Air passenger --- Air traffic --- Air transport --- Aviation industry --- Banks & Banking Reform --- Carriers --- Domestic aviation --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Financial incentives --- Freight --- International air services --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Maritime transport --- Markets and Market Access --- Passenger traffic --- Passenger transport --- Passengers --- Private Sector Development --- Routes --- Sanitation --- Tax --- Transport --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Transport industry --- True

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In January 2020, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), The Food Trust, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Healthy Eating Research (HER) met for a Healthy Retail Research Convention in Washington, D.C. Attendees included food industry representatives, researchers, and nonprofit organizations. The objective of the convention was to develop a national healthy retail research agenda by (1) determining the effectiveness of government policies, corporate practices, and in-store pilots in promoting healthy eating; (2) identifying gaps in the healthy food retail literature and generating questions for future research, with an intentional focus on reducing health disparities and improving equity; (3) highlighting best practices for partnering with retailers and food manufacturers on healthy retail research; (4) facilitating relationships between retailers and researchers to implement and evaluate retail interventions; and (5) identifying existing datasets, ongoing work, and new opportunities for retail–research partnerships.

Business strategy --- trade promotion --- price --- promotion --- placement --- food and beverage --- food retailer --- grocery --- consumer behavior --- marketing --- chronic disease --- choice architecture --- retail food environment --- food purchasing --- federal nutrition assistance --- COVID-19 --- grocery stores --- restaurants --- dietary intake --- food purchase --- policy --- federal nutrition assistance programs --- beverage tax --- menu labeling --- financial incentives --- health disparities --- food access --- nutrition --- healthier food --- dietary behaviors --- review --- grocery store --- restaurant --- environment --- retail --- food purchasing behavior --- diet quality --- diet disparities --- urban --- rural --- socioeconomic --- income disparities --- consumer packaged goods --- packaged foods --- intersectionality --- race --- ethnicity --- socioeconomic status --- grocery retail --- supermarket --- research agenda --- healthy food retail --- food environment --- online food retail --- conceptual framework --- food choices --- online shopping --- retailer policies --- n/a

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In January 2020, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), The Food Trust, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Healthy Eating Research (HER) met for a Healthy Retail Research Convention in Washington, D.C. Attendees included food industry representatives, researchers, and nonprofit organizations. The objective of the convention was to develop a national healthy retail research agenda by (1) determining the effectiveness of government policies, corporate practices, and in-store pilots in promoting healthy eating; (2) identifying gaps in the healthy food retail literature and generating questions for future research, with an intentional focus on reducing health disparities and improving equity; (3) highlighting best practices for partnering with retailers and food manufacturers on healthy retail research; (4) facilitating relationships between retailers and researchers to implement and evaluate retail interventions; and (5) identifying existing datasets, ongoing work, and new opportunities for retail–research partnerships.

Business strategy --- trade promotion --- price --- promotion --- placement --- food and beverage --- food retailer --- grocery --- consumer behavior --- marketing --- chronic disease --- choice architecture --- retail food environment --- food purchasing --- federal nutrition assistance --- COVID-19 --- grocery stores --- restaurants --- dietary intake --- food purchase --- policy --- federal nutrition assistance programs --- beverage tax --- menu labeling --- financial incentives --- health disparities --- food access --- nutrition --- healthier food --- dietary behaviors --- review --- grocery store --- restaurant --- environment --- retail --- food purchasing behavior --- diet quality --- diet disparities --- urban --- rural --- socioeconomic --- income disparities --- consumer packaged goods --- packaged foods --- intersectionality --- race --- ethnicity --- socioeconomic status --- grocery retail --- supermarket --- research agenda --- healthy food retail --- food environment --- online food retail --- conceptual framework --- food choices --- online shopping --- retailer policies