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Nowadays drivers have to get along with an increasing complex visual environment in road traffic. There are not only distractions available within the vehicle, like radio, navigation system and passengers. The environment outside the car becomes also more and more complex. Car drivers’ gaze behaviour while being distracted is studied on the basis of some examples. Furthermore different performance indicators are analysed.

Fahrverhalten --- field test --- Blickverhalten --- StraßenverkehrDistraction --- gaze behaviour --- Ablenkung --- driving behavior --- Feldversuch --- eye- tracking

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Amphetamine. --- Behaviour items. --- Behaviour. --- Inhibition. --- Open field. --- Open-field test. --- Open-field. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Stimulation. --- Test.

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Glaucoma --- Perimetry --- Visual Fields --- Diagnosis --- Congresses. --- Visual Field Tests --- Field, Visual --- Fields, Visual --- Visual Field --- Automated Perimetry Exam --- Campimetry --- Tangent Screen Exam --- Visual Field Exam --- Automated Perimetry Exams --- Campimetries --- Exam, Automated Perimetry --- Exam, Tangent Screen --- Exam, Visual Field --- Exams, Automated Perimetry --- Exams, Tangent Screen --- Exams, Visual Field --- Field Exam, Visual --- Field Exams, Visual --- Field Test, Visual --- Field Tests, Visual --- Perimetries --- Perimetry Exam, Automated --- Perimetry Exams, Automated --- Screen Exam, Tangent --- Screen Exams, Tangent --- Tangent Screen Exams --- Test, Visual Field --- Tests, Visual Field --- Visual Field Exams --- Visual Field Test --- Glaucomas --- Intraocular Pressure --- Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome --- High intraocular pressure --- Intraocular pressure, High --- Eye --- Visual fields --- Diseases --- Examination --- Measurement --- Conferences - Meetings

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The effect of feeding and handling on the response of young cattle to humans was investigated using 40 Danish Friesian calves removed from their dam immediately after birth. From day 3 to 17 of age calves were either: fed by humans and handled (stroking); fed by humans but not handled; fed without visual contact with humans and handled; or fed without visual contact with humans and not handled (control). Observations during the handling and/or feeding treatments revealed that calves fed with a human present performed more bunting behaviour but performed less play behaviour than those handled but not fed. The approach behaviour of each calf to an unknown person was assessed at days 3, 17, 32, and 62 in both their home pen and in an arena. Ln the home pen, handling had no effect on latency to interact with the person, but at days 17, 32, and 62 calves fed by humans were quicker to interact with a person than those fed without a human present. When tested in the arena, no consistent significant treatment effects were found at any age in latencies to approach or interact with the person. In a third test, the approach behaviour towards a person when social companions were present was assessed. With the human present only, time spent within 1 m of the person did not differ with age or treatment (17 to 62 days). But when two other calves were present, latency to approach the person increased (p < 0.05) and time spent near the person decreased (p < 0.05) with age. It is concluded that feeding has a greater influence on the responses of young calves towards humans than handling. However, this appears to be limited to the location in which the feeding took place. Despite receiving no additional handling, calves that were fed without a human present readily approached and interacted with an unknown person and spent a large proportion of time near the person in the arena tests, suggesting that handling in the first 2 days after birth may be very important in the development

Age. --- Arena test. --- Behavior. --- Behaviour. --- Birth. --- Boxes. --- Breed comparisons. --- Calves. --- Cattle-handling. --- Cattle. --- Contact. --- Control. --- Dairy-cows. --- Development. --- Discrimination. --- Feeding. --- Handling. --- Heifers. --- Human-animal interaction. --- Human-animal relationships. --- Human. --- Humans. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Management. --- Observation. --- Open-field test. --- Pen. --- Pigs. --- Play behaviour. --- Play. --- Response. --- Responses. --- Social. --- Temperament. --- Test. --- Tests. --- Time. --- Treatment. --- Welfare. --- Young.

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The main aim of the study was to determine to what extent young rabbits kept on wire-floor cages would be attracted by straw bedding and how would access to straw modify their behaviour, health and performance. A total of 384 hybrid commercial breed rabbits (Hycol(R)) were assigned to 16 pens of 1.6 m(2) (15 rabbits/m(2)). Eight pens used as controls had an all-wire floor, while in eight other pens, rabbits could choose between a wire floor or a deep litter topped up once a week and completely replaced once during the course of the 40-day-long study. Behaviour was recorded by video camera between 7 and 10 weeks of age through 24 h observations consisting of 24 sequences of 1 min every 60 min. Reactions to a new environment were compared between both treatments through the use of an open-field test. Parasitism was monitored from faeces and growth performance analysed. Time budgets showed resting, 60%; grooming, 19%; and feeding, 19-20%; were poorly influenced either at 7 or 10 weeks of age by type of floor. The most unexpected result was the low attraction of straw. Rabbits in the littered pens spent most of their time on the wire (89% at 7 weeks and 77% at 10 weeks; P < 0.01), especially when they were lying (96% at 7 weeks and 84% at 10 weeks; P < 0.01). The most plausible explanation for this preference seems to be that rabbits were attracted to the cleanliness and the dryness of the wire. Reactions to a new environment, and parasitism were not significantly influenced by treatments. On the other hand, final bodyweight, carcass weight and daily gain significantly decreased by 8%, 6.5%, and 10%, respectively in the littered pens compared with the wire pens (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated that fattening rabbits kept under intensive conditions preferred a wire floor to a straw deep litter. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Access. --- Age. --- Bedding. --- Behavior. --- Behaviour. --- Breed. --- Cage. --- Carcass. --- Control. --- Environment. --- Faeces. --- Feeding. --- Floor. --- Grooming. --- Growth-performance. --- Growth. --- Health. --- Kept. --- Lying. --- Meat. --- Observation. --- Open field. --- Open-field test. --- Open-field. --- Pen. --- Performance. --- Preference. --- Production. --- Rabbit,preference testing,straw substrate,wire floors,housing system. --- Rabbit. --- Rabbits. --- Sequence. --- Straw bedding. --- Straw. --- Test. --- Time budget. --- Time-budgets. --- Time. --- Treatment. --- Video. --- Weight. --- Young.