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Depuis quelques années un manque de puissance a été mis au jour dans divers domaines de recherche. Cela a abouti à de sérieux doutes quant à la reproductibilité de beaucoup de résultats scientifiques. À notre connaissance, aucune étude n’a évalué ce problème en psychopharmacologie expérimentale préclinique. Nous avons choisi d’étudier le sous-domaine de la préférence de lieu conditionné induite par la nicotine chez la souris (PLCNIC). Nous avons identifié les articles le concernant sur PubMed et nous en avons extrait les tailles des échantillons, le type de tests statistiques (F ou t), leurs résultats, leurs degrés de liberté, et leurs p-valeurs. À partir de ces valeurs, nous avons calculé la puissance prospective médiane pour 6 tailles d’effets (classification de Sawilowsky, 2009). Le taux de vraies découvertes (True Report Probability : TRP) a été calculé à partir des puissances médianes, de l’erreur de type I fixée à 5 %, et de la plausibilité que nous avons fait varier de 0 à 1. Des 139 articles trouvés sur PubMed, 48 ont rencontré nos critères d’inclusion. Ces 48 articles contenaient 109 tests statistiques utilisables pour notre projet. Dans cet échantillon de tests 77,57 % sont significatifs. Les puissances médianes pour les tests F pour les petites, moyennes, et grandes tailles d’effet sont respectivement de 9,5 %, 34,1 % et 70,4 %. Pour les tests t nous avons trouvé 6,8 %, 17 %, et 35,8 %. Aucun de ces chiffres n’atteint le seuil recommandé de 80 %. Pour une plausibilité de 10 %, nous trouvons des TRP pour les tests F pour une petite, moyenne et grande taille d’effet de 16 % 40,8 %, et 58,5 % soit des taux de fausses découvertes de 84 %, 59,2 %, et 41,5 %. Pour les tests t les TRP pour les mêmes tailles d’effets sont de 12 %, 25,3 %, et 41,7 % soit des taux de fausses découvertes de 88 %, 74,7 %, et 58,3 %, bien supérieurs aux 5 % maximum que l’on croit garantis par la probabilité alpha. Nous retrouvons donc, dans le sous-domaine de la PLCNIC, le manque de puissance et l’augmentation de faux positif associée qui ont déjà été observés dans d’autres disciplines. Nous avons aussi étendu les graphiques de Ioannidis (2005) pour représenter les TRP qu’on obtient avec des rapports de chance supérieurs à 1/1 qui pourrait donner des TRP plus favorables.
Mice --- Statistical power --- meta-research --- conditioned place preference --- nicotine --- FDR --- TRP --- false discovery rate --- true report probability --- souris --- puissance statistique --- méta-recherche --- préférence de lieu conditionné --- nicotine --- FDR --- TRP --- Taux de fausses découvertes --- taux de vraies découvertes --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Psychologie animale, éthologie & psychobiologie --- Sciences sociales & comportementales, psychologie > Neurosciences & comportement
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Presidents --- Biography --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D.
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Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Presidents --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- Roosevelt, Franklin Delano --- United States --- Biography --- Politics and government --- 1933-1945
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Based on broad and extensive archival research, Roosevelt, the Great Depression, and the Economics of Recovery is at once an erudite and authoritative history of New Deal economic policy and timely background reading for current debates on domestic and global economic policy.
HISTORY --- United States / 20th Century --- New Deal, 1933-1939 --- Depressions --- Economic History --- Business & Economics --- New Deal, 1933-1939. --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- United States --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- E-books
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, consensus choice as one of three great presidents, led the American people through the two major crises of modern times. The first volume of an epic two-part biography, Franklin D. Roosevelt: Road to the New Deal, 1882-1939 presents FDR from a privileged Hyde Park childhood through his leadership in the Great Depression to the ominous buildup to global war. Roger Daniels revisits the sources and closely examines Roosevelt's own words and deeds to create a twenty-first century analysis of how Roosevelt forged the modern presidency. Daniels's close analysis yields new insights into the expansion of Roosevelt's economic views; FDR's steady mastery of the complexities of federal administrative practices and possibilities; the ways the press and presidential handlers treated questions surrounding his health; and his genius for channeling the lessons learned from an unprecedented collection of scholars and experts into bold political action. Revelatory and nuanced, Franklin D. Roosevelt: Road to the New Deal, 1882-1939 reappraises the rise of a political titan and his impact on the country he remade.
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano --- Presidents --- United States --- Biography --- Politics and government --- 1933-1945 --- New Deal, 1933-1939 --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- New Deal, 1933-1939.
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David Roll offers a portrait of the most powerful man in Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration. He shows how Harry Hopkins, an Iowa-born social worker who had been an integral part of the New Deal's implementation, became the linchpin in FDR's - and America's - relationships with Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, and spoke with an authority second only to the president's. Hopkins could take the political risks his boss could not, and proved crucial to maintaining personal relations among the Big Three.
Statesmen --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Diplomatic history. --- Hopkins, Harry L. --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Friends and associates. --- United States --- Foreign relations --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Hopkins, Harry Lloyd, --- Historiography --- Roosevelt, F. D.
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Franklin Roosevelt's popular appeal is traced to his actions as commander-in-chief, a shorthand for his handling of foreign policy. Helmut Norpoth has mined a treasure trove of polls conducted during the 1930's and 1940's that probed public opinion about Franklin Roosevelt, foreign and domestic politics, along with party loyalties and electoral choices.
Presidents --- Public opinion --- Public opinion. --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- United States --- Politics and government --- Presidency --- Heads of state --- Executive power --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D.
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Steven Casey explores how Americans viewed Nazi Germany during World War II and the extent to which the public opposed the President's vision for planning both Germany's defeat and future.
Propaganda, American --- Public opinion --- World War, 1939-1945 --- History --- Propaganda. --- Public opinion. --- Foreign public opinion --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- United States --- Germany --- Foreign relations --- Foreign public opinion, American.
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Presidents --- 929 ROOSEVELT, Franklin Delano --- 973.091 --- #KVHA:Geschiedenis; Verenigde Staten --- Biography --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- United States --- History
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In this memoir, Robert H. Jackson provides an insider's view of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's presidency, including such crucial events as FDR's Court-packing plan, his battles with corporate America, his decision to seek a third term and his bold move to aid Britain in 1940 with American destroyers.
Presidents --- Roosevelt, Franklin D. --- Ruzvelʹt, Franklin, --- Rūzvilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Rūzfilt, Franklin Dilānū, --- Lo-ssu-fu, --- Luosifu, --- F. D. R. --- R., F. D. --- FDR --- רוזוועלט, פראנקלין ד. --- רוזוועלט, --- Roosevelt, F. --- Roosevelt, F. D. --- United States --- Politics and government --- Roosevelt, Franklin Delano --- 1933-1945 --- Biography
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