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Biomass can be used to produce renewable electricity, thermal energy, transportation fuels (biofuels), and high-value functional chemicals. As an energy source, biomass can be used either directly via combustion to produce heat or indirectly after it is converted to one of many forms of bioenergy and biofuel via thermochemical or biochemical pathways. The conversion of biomass can be achieved using various advanced methods, which are broadly classified into thermochemical conversion, biochemical conversion, electrochemical conversion, and so on. Advanced development technologies and processes are able to convert biomass into alternative energy sources in solid (e.g., charcoal, biochar, and RDF), liquid (biodiesel, algae biofuel, bioethanol, and pyrolysis and liquefaction bio-oils), and gaseous (e.g., biogas, syngas, and biohydrogen) forms. Because of the merits of biomass energy for environmental sustainability, biofuel and bioenergy technologies play a crucial role in renewable energy development and the replacement of chemicals by highly functional biomass. This book provides a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research addressing recent progress in biomass conversion processes. It also covers studies on advanced techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production.

oxidation stability --- power density --- lipids --- pre-treatment --- dark fermentation --- hydrodeoxygenation --- combustion characteristics --- hydrogen --- feed solution --- emission --- cow manure --- anaerobic digestion --- synergistic effect --- biodiesel --- thermophilic --- mesophilic --- antioxidant --- crude oil --- biofuel --- rice husk --- base-catalyzed transesterification --- enzymatic digestibility --- fatty acid methyl ester --- coffee mucilage --- osmotic membrane --- fermentation --- forward osmosis --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy --- lignocellulose --- dimethyl carbonate --- diesel --- triacylglycerides --- drop-in fuel --- draw solution --- subcritical methanol --- free fatty acids --- Rhus typhina biodiesel --- sewage sludge --- alternative fuel --- vacuum --- intake temperature --- Physico-chemical properties --- bioethanol --- energy yield --- tert-butylhydroquinone --- non-edible oil --- biomass --- nano-catalysts --- Fatty Acid Methyl Ester --- bioenergy --- direct carbon fuel cell --- viscosity --- FAME yield --- reaction kinetics --- gasification --- operating conditions --- injection strategies --- instar --- butylated hydroxyanisole --- torrefaction --- nanomagnetic catalyst --- fatty acid methyl esters --- crude glycerol --- renewable energy --- pyrolysis --- glycerol carbonate --- single-pellet combustion --- biodiesel production --- nanotechnology --- microwave irradiation --- pressure-retarded osmosis --- black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) --- technology development --- concentration polarization --- waste --- nano-additives --- bio-jet fuel --- kinetic study --- thermogravimetric analysis --- rubber seed oil --- combustion --- potato peels --- power generation --- response surface --- biochar --- lipid --- organic wastes --- extrusion --- co-combustion --- biomass pretreatment --- microwave --- hardwood --- Rancimat method --- anaerobic treatment --- post-treatment --- fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) --- biogas --- GCI --- compression ratio --- membrane fouling --- environment --- rice straw --- pretreatment --- free fatty acid --- palm oil mill effluent --- acclimatization --- Box-Behnken design

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This book covers the latest development of bioprocess technology including theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches in biotechnology as well as green technology that bridge conventional practices and Industry 4.0. Bioprocessing is one of the key factors in several emerging industries of biofuels, used in the production of biogas, bioethanol, and biodiesel; industrial enzymes; waste management through biotechnology; new vaccines; and many more. It is hoped that the novel bioprocess and green biotechnologies presented in this book are useful in assisting the global community in working towards fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the United Nations.

Technology: general issues --- extraction --- leaf --- liquid biphasic flotation --- polygonum --- protein --- date fruits --- proximate analysis --- physico-chemical characteristics --- date sugar --- phytoconstituents --- amino acids --- biomaterials --- Ficus carica --- diabetes mellitus --- proteomics --- sperm quality --- bioeconomy --- bioprocesses --- applications --- policy --- social welfare --- sustainability --- nanofiltration --- lipase --- Fusarium heterosporum --- fatty acid methyl ester --- electronics package --- induction heating --- magnetic field --- electric field --- TM110 single-mode cavity --- solder --- eddy current --- GABA --- fermented food --- functional food --- non-protein amino acid --- soy sauce fermentation --- lignocellulosic biomass --- holocellulose --- CMC --- degree of substitution --- excipient --- non-edible --- oil --- biodiesel production --- fuel --- Lactobacillus isolation --- lag phase --- bacteria sequencing --- breast milk --- chitosan --- co-loaded nanoparticles --- hydrophobic modification --- l-ascorbic acid --- thymoquinone --- sustainable supply chain management (SSSCM) --- social sustainability --- qualitative research --- Pakistan --- biohydrogen production --- immobilised cells --- entrapment --- alginate --- activated carbon --- carbon dioxide --- culture media --- microorganism --- optimization --- plant growth promoting rhizobacteria --- oil palm seedlings nursery --- biofertilizers --- chemical fertilizer --- n/a --- sago hampas --- amylase --- cellulase --- substrate feeding --- saccharification --- biomass --- waste cooking oil --- green fuel --- biodiesel --- heterogeneous catalyst --- deoxygenation

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In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.

nanospheroids --- zinc-doped CaO --- natural triglycerides --- aminolysis --- heterogeneous catalyst --- recyclability --- catalyst --- sodium hydroxide --- fatty acid methyl ester --- central composite rotatable design --- operational conditions --- aerated irrigation --- soil enzyme activity --- soil microbial biomass --- soil respiration --- bio-derived phenol --- Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 --- in-situ hydrodeoxygenation --- cyclohexane --- hydrogenolysis --- biomass --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid --- aerobic oxidation --- metal catalysts --- acid catalysis --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- esterification --- fatty acid --- methanolysis --- molybdenum oxide --- transesterification --- vegetable oil --- fatty acid methyl esters --- 2-ethyl-1-hexanol --- 1-heptanol --- 4-methyl-2-pentanol --- viscosity --- flash and combustion points --- methyl oleate --- methyl ricinoleate --- cellulase --- cellulose --- paper sludge --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- synergism --- furfural --- carbon-supported catalyst --- xylose conversion --- iron --- heterogeneous catalysts --- thermoset polymer --- epoxy --- cellulose nanofiber --- curing characteristics --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- RSM --- numerical optimization --- keratinase --- feather --- Bacillus sp. --- amino acids --- n/a

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In this book, the performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts applied in biomass processing was assessed, paying special attention to the main advantages and challenges related to their use. Indeed, these challenges are opportunities to develop new research lines that could be fruitful in the near future. Thus, different studies are included, dealing with diverse subjects, with one main goal in common: the improvement of different aspects related to biomass processing through the use of catalysts.

Research & information: general --- nanospheroids --- zinc-doped CaO --- natural triglycerides --- aminolysis --- heterogeneous catalyst --- recyclability --- catalyst --- sodium hydroxide --- fatty acid methyl ester --- central composite rotatable design --- operational conditions --- aerated irrigation --- soil enzyme activity --- soil microbial biomass --- soil respiration --- bio-derived phenol --- Ni-Cu-Co/Al2O3 --- in-situ hydrodeoxygenation --- cyclohexane --- hydrogenolysis --- biomass --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- 2,5-furandicrboxylic acid --- aerobic oxidation --- metal catalysts --- acid catalysis --- biodiesel --- biofuel --- esterification --- fatty acid --- methanolysis --- molybdenum oxide --- transesterification --- vegetable oil --- fatty acid methyl esters --- 2-ethyl-1-hexanol --- 1-heptanol --- 4-methyl-2-pentanol --- viscosity --- flash and combustion points --- methyl oleate --- methyl ricinoleate --- cellulase --- cellulose --- paper sludge --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- synergism --- furfural --- carbon-supported catalyst --- xylose conversion --- iron --- heterogeneous catalysts --- thermoset polymer --- epoxy --- cellulose nanofiber --- curing characteristics --- thermal properties --- mechanical properties --- RSM --- numerical optimization --- keratinase --- feather --- Bacillus sp. --- amino acids

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Biofuels have recently attracted a lot of attention, mainly as alternative fuels for applications in energy generation and transportation. The utilization of biofuels in such controlled combustion processes has the great advantage of not depleting the limited resources of fossil fuels while leading to emissions of greenhouse gases and smoke particles similar to those of fossil fuels. On the other hand, a vast amount of biofuels are subjected to combustion in small-scale processes, such as for heating and cooking in residential dwellings, as well as in agricultural operations, such as crop residue removal and land clearing. In addition, large amounts of biomass are consumed annually during forest and savanna fires in many parts of the world. These types of burning processes are typically uncontrolled and unregulated. Consequently, the emissions from these processes may be larger compared to industrial-type operations. Aside from direct effects on human health, especially due to a sizeable fraction of the smoke emissions remaining inside residential homes, the smoke particles and gases released from uncontrolled biofuel combustion impose significant effects on the regional and global climate. Estimates have shown the majority of carbonaceous airborne particulate matter to be derived from the combustion of biofuels and biomass. “Production of Biofuels and Numerical Modelling of Chemical Combustion Systems” comprehensively overviews and includes in-depth technical research papers addressing recent progress in biofuel production and combustion processes. To be specific, this book contains sixteen high-quality studies (fifteen research papers and one review paper) addressing techniques and methods for bioenergy and biofuel production as well as challenges in the broad area of process modelling and control in combustion processes.

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- microalgae --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- pretreatment --- low O and N biocrude --- biodiesel --- esterification --- free fatty acids --- glycerol --- waste cooking oil --- Computational Fluid Dynamics --- two-stroke --- dual-fuel engine --- simulation --- pre-combustion chamber --- internal combustion engine --- particulate matter emissions --- biomorphic silicon carbide --- vegetal waste --- diesel particulate filter --- biocrude --- metal-oxide catalyst --- bioethanol --- dilute acid pretreatment --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- olive stones --- Pachysolen tannophilus --- response surface methodology --- compression ignition --- direct injection --- cryogenic gas --- diesel engines --- dual fuel engines --- natural gas --- greenhouse gas emissions --- particulate matter --- carotenoids --- extremophiles --- microalgal biotechnology --- eucalyptus kraft lignin --- tree leaf --- pellet --- additive --- biofuel --- circular economy --- piston bowl --- alternative fuel --- vanes --- emulsified biofuel --- combustion --- gasification --- olive --- olive oils --- olive-pruning debris --- olive pomaces --- pyrolysis --- biogas --- environmental impact --- life cycle assessment --- olive pomace --- sustainability --- TGA --- hemicellulose --- cellulose --- lignin --- pseudocomponent kinetic model --- biomass --- culture --- scale-up --- Phaeodactylum tricornutum --- burning characteristics --- fatty acid methyl ester --- added water content --- fuel structure --- distillation temperature --- layered double hydroxide --- toluene steam reforming --- tar --- Ni-based catalyst --- hydrotalcite --- hydrogen production