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In recent decades, local governments across America have increasingly turned specialized functions over to autonomous agencies ranging in scope from subdivision-sized water districts to multi-state transit authorities. This book is the first comprehensive examination of the causes and consequences of special-purpose governments in more than 300 metropolitan areas in the United States. It presents new evidence on the economic, political, and social implications of relying on these special districts while offering important findings about their use and significance.

Special districts --- -Municipal powers and services beyond corporate limits --- -#SBIB:35H1322 --- #SBIB:35H6030 --- #SBIB:003.IO --- Extraterritorial powers of municipalities --- Municipal services beyond corporate limits --- Local government --- Metropolitan areas --- Metropolitan government --- Municipal corporations --- Municipal government --- Suburbs --- Public utilities --- Authorities, Public --- Public authorities --- Organisatie en beleid: intermediaire besturen: intermediaire besturen: Verenigde Staten --- Bestuur en beleid: nationale en regionale studies: Verenigde Staten --- Law and legislation --- -Political Science --- Economics --- Business & Economics --- Political Science --- -Special districts

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Mike Mosher’s “Some Aspects of Californian Cyberpunk” vividly reminds us of the influence of West Coast counterculture on cyberpunks, with special emphasis on 1960s theoretical gurus such as Timothy Leary and Marshall McLuhan, who explored the frontiers of inner space as well as the global village. Frenchy Lunning’s “Cyberpunk Redux: Dérives in the Rich Sight of Post-Anthropocentric Visuality” examines how the heritage of Ridley Scott’s techno-noir film

n/a --- virtual reality --- Tobi Hirotaka --- collage --- cyberpunk --- co-productions --- virtual worlds --- European cinema --- reception history --- Metropia --- transnational cinema --- layers --- manga --- cinematism --- Lo Tek --- audience --- 2000s --- techno-Orientalism --- outlaw technologist --- YLEM artists using science and technology --- animation --- Masaki Gor? --- “rich sight” --- Germany --- extraterritorial --- proscenium views --- care --- Japanese science fiction --- United States --- post-utopia --- comics --- flattened screens --- William Gibson --- science fiction --- animatism --- post-apocalyptic narrative --- genre --- SCAN --- HyperCard --- bOING bOING --- nostalgia --- global capitalism --- virtual idol --- MONDO 2000 --- Timothy Leary --- Walter Benjamin --- visuality --- fractal space --- Marshall McLuhan --- Renaissance --- Hyperart Thomasson --- Pattern Recognition --- dystopia --- Kowloon Walled City --- participatory aesthetics --- Guerrilla Games --- translation --- intertextuality --- nuclear politics --- end of history --- Horizon: Zero Dawn --- detritus --- Blade Runner --- "rich sight"

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En « autorisant » des États d'user de « tous les moyens nécessaires », comme il l'a fait lors de la deuxième « Guerre du Golfe » (de 1990), le Conseil de sécurité ne renonce pas à ses prérogatives au profit des États. Au contraire, le Conseil se sert des États pour mettre en oeuvre ses propres compétences opérationnelles.Ainsi, ces « autorisations » ne constituent pas une exception à l'interdiction du recours à la force dans les relations internationales. L'article 2, paragraphe 4, de la Charte, constitue une véritable confiscation du pouvoir de contrainte militaire au profit du Conseil de sécurité. En vertu de la Charte, le Conseil dispose d'un monopole de la contrainte militaire. N'ayant jamais été doté des moyens pour « faire la guerre », le Conseil doit se servir des États comme exécutants pour mener à bien des mesures coercitives. Les « autorisations » s'apparentent donc à un mandat de droit public.La crise du Kosovo, les réactions au non-respect par l'Irak de la résolution 687 (1991) et la troisième Guerre du Golfe (de 2002) montrent que le Conseil de sécurité pourrait accorder un tel mandat implicitement. L'analyse de ces affaires montre également qu'on aurait tort de parler de l'émergence d'une nouvelle exception au principe de l'interdiction du recours à la force militaire.En effet, pour se justifier, les États intéressés ont toujours invoqué un prétendu mandat du Conseil.

Law of armed conflicts. Humanitarian law --- United Nations --- Intervention (International law) --- Aggression (International law) --- War (International law) --- Necessity (International law) --- Intervention (Droit international) --- Agression (Droit international) --- Guerre (Droit international) --- Nécessité (Droit international) --- United Nations. --- Decision making. --- Armed Forces. --- Decision making --- Armed Forces --- BPB0911 --- Conseil de sécurité ONU --- Intervention militaire --- Compétence extraterritoriale --- Veiligheidsraad VN --- Militaire interventie --- Extraterritoriale bevoegdheid --- Nécessité (Droit international) --- Military intervention --- Diplomacy --- International law --- Neutrality --- UN --- UNO --- Hội đồng bảo an Liên Hợp Quốc --- Naciones Unidas --- Nations Unies --- ONU --- Organisation des Nations Unies --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Obʺedinennykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- OON --- Vereinigte Nationen --- Umot ha-meʼuḥadot --- Organizacja Narodów Zjednoczonych --- ONZ --- Forente nasjoner --- Forenede nationer --- FN --- Förenta nationerna --- Gaertʻianebuli erebi --- Organização das Nações Unidas --- PBB --- Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa --- Kokusai Rengō --- Kokuren --- ENSZ --- Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége --- Birleșmiș Milletler Teșkilâtı --- Birlăşmiş Millătăr Tăşkilatı --- Birlashgan Millatlar Tashkiloti --- BMT --- YK --- Yhdistyneet kansakunnat --- OUN --- Organizacija Ujedinjenih Nacija --- NU --- Nazioni Unite --- OSN --- Organizace spojených národů --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttafiq --- Bangsa² Bersatu --- Organización de las Naciones Unidas --- Ühinenud Rahvaste Organisatsioon --- ÜRO --- Organismos tōn Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Umoja wa Mataifa --- Vereinten Nationen --- Vereinte Nationen --- Hayʼat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- Verenigde Naties --- VN --- Organizația Națiunilor Unite --- Um --- Lien ho kuo --- OKB --- Organizata e Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Lian he guo --- U.N. --- Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- OĒE --- Hēnōmena Ethnē --- Organizácia Spojených Národov --- Sahaprachāchāt --- Națiunile Unite --- Organizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ na obedinenite nat︠s︡ii --- Organismos Hēnōmenōn Ethnōn --- Manẓūmat al-Umam al-Muttaḥidah --- AAN --- Arhanizatsyi︠a︡ Ab'i︠a︡dnanykh Natsyĭ --- Nações Unidas --- Orhanizat︠s︡ii︠a︡ Ob'i︠e︡dnanykh Nat︠s︡iĭ --- O.Ē.E. --- ʻOngkān Sahaprachāchāt --- Sjuninejal Konob'laq --- Sāzmān-i Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Milal-i Muttaḥid --- Nėgdsėn U̇ndėstniĭ Baĭguullaga --- NUB --- Rāshṭrasaṃgha --- או״מ --- أمم المتحدة --- الأمم المتحدة --- سازمان ملل متحد --- 国際連合 --- 联合囯 --- 聯合國 --- United Nations Organization --- Liên Hiệp Quó̂c --- Liên Hợp Quó̂c --- LHQ --- Kula Samagga --- YūʼAṅʻnʻ --- 联合国 --- Организация на обединените нации --- Организация Объединённых Наций --- karinė intervencija --- vojna intervencija --- intervención militar --- intervenção militar --- sõjaline sekkumine --- interwencja militarna --- militāra iejaukšanās --- intervento militare --- intervenție militară --- military intervention --- војна интервенција --- военна интервенция --- militärischer Eingriff --- intervent militari --- vojenský zásah --- militaire interventie --- militärt ingrepp --- στρατιωτική επέμβαση --- ndërhyrje ushtarake --- katonai beavatkozás --- militær intervention --- vojaški poseg --- sotilaallinen interventio --- воена интервенција --- útočný čin --- bewaffnete Aggression --- ozbrojená agrese --- sotatoimi --- agrese --- vojenská invaze --- agresszió --- aggressione --- přepadení --- επίθεση --- agresion --- útok --- воена закана --- воена агресија --- fegyveres támadás --- агресија --- agresia --- intervence --- invaze --- aggression --- вооружена агресија --- agressão --- sõjaline agressioon --- agresija --- intervento armato --- agresión militar --- militāra intervence --- ozbrojené napadení --- vojenská intervence --- agressie --- agression --- agresiune armată --- FN:s säkerhetsråd --- ANO Drošības padome --- JTO Saugumo Taryba --- Consiglio di sicurezza dell'ONU --- Rada Bezpieczeństwa ONZ --- Comhairle Slándála na Náisiún Aontaithe --- Këshilli i Sigurimit i OKB-së --- Consiliul de Securitate ONU --- Rada bezpečnosti OSN --- ÜRO Julgeolekunõukogu --- UN Security Council --- Съвет за сигурност на ООН --- Совет за безбедност на ОН --- az ENSZ Biztonsági Tanácsa --- Sicherheitsrat UNO --- Kunsill tas-Sigurtà tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti --- Савет безбедности УН --- Varnostni svet ZN --- Vijeće sigurnosti Ujedinjenih naroda --- FN's Sikkerhedsråd --- Συμβούλιο Ασφαλείας του ΟΗΕ --- Conselho de Segurança ONU --- YK:n turvallisuusneuvosto --- Consejo de Seguridad ONU --- Bezpečnostná rada OSN --- Consiglio di sicurezza delle Nazioni Unite --- Συμβούλιο Ασφαλείας των Ηνωμένων Εθνών --- Këshilli i Sigurimit i Kombeve të Bashkuara --- Савет безбедности Уједињених нација --- Conseil de sécurité des Nations unies --- Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas --- Совет за безбедност на Обединетите нации --- Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas --- De Forenede Nationers Sikkerhedsråd --- UN-Sicherheitsrat --- United Nations Security Council --- ekstraterritoriaalinen toimivalta --- extraterritoriale bevoegdheid --- eksteritorinė jurisdikcija --- exterritoriell befogenhet --- extraterritoriális hatály --- ekstraterritorial kompetence --- jurysdykcja eksterytorialna --- izvanteritorijalna nadležnost --- extraterritorial jurisdiction --- extrateritoriální pravomoc soudu --- eksteritorialna pristojnost --- eksteritoriālā jurisdikcija --- екстратериторијална надлежност --- εξωεδαφική αρμοδιότητα --- juridiksion jashtëterritorial --- competencia extraterritorial --- competência extraterritorial --- extraterritoriale Gerichtsbarkeit --- extrateritoriálna právomoc --- eksterritoriaalne kohtualluvus --- competenza extraterritoriale --- екстериторијална надлежност --- ġuriżdizzjoni ekstraterritorjali --- competență jurisdicțională extrateritorială --- dlínse sheach-chríochach --- извънтериториална юрисдикция --- екстратериторијална јурисдикција --- екстратериторијална судска надлежност --- eksteritoriāla iestāde --- extraterritoriale Zuständigkeit --- izvanteritorijalna ovlast --- kompetencë jashtëterritoriale --- eksterritoriaalne pädevus --- nadnárodní uplatňování práva --- eksteritoriniai įgaliojimai --- autoritate extrateritorială --- extraterritorial authority --- területen kívüli hatály --- extrateritoriální jurisdikce --- extraterritoriale Kompetenz --- United Nation. --- idirghabháil mhíleata --- Compétence extraterritoriale --- Conseil de sécurité ONU