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Using data from an experimental supportive intervention to India's malaria control program, this paper studies the impact of leveraging local non-state capacity to promote mosquito net usage and recommended fever care-seeking patterns. The supportive activities were conducted simultaneously by three nongovernmental organizations in two endemic districts in the state of Orissa. The study finds that program impact varied significantly by location. Examining three potential sources of this variation (differential population characteristics, differential health worker characteristics, and differential implementer characteristics), the analysis provides evidence that both population and nongovernmental organization characteristics significantly affected the success of the program. The paper discusses these findings as they relate to the external validity of development policy evaluations and, specifically, for the ability of the health system to benefit from limited non-state capacity in under-resourced areas.

Communities & Human Settlements --- Disease Control & Prevention --- External Validity --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Malaria --- Population Policies --- Regression Decomposition

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This open access book aims to clarify the term „evidence-based medicine“ (EBM) from a philosophy of science perspective. The author, Marie-Caroline Schulte discusses the importance of evi-dence in medical research and practice with a focus on the ethical and methodological prob-lems of EBM. The claims that EBM can herald a new theory of epistemology and a Kuhnian paradigm will be refuted. The solution is to describe EBM as a necessary development in medicine to deal with the increasing amount of evidence and medical data without losing the single patient out of sight. Contents The methodology of evidence-based research Informed consent and shared decision making in EBM (Evidence-based medicine) Knowledge does not equal evidence – what to do with what we have evidence for? Homeopathy – a case in point why EBM is so important – or „the plural of anecdote is not data.“ Target Groups Lecturers and students in the areas of medicine and philosophy of medicine Researchers in philosophy of medicine, medical doctors, ethicists, philosophers and medical activists The Author M.-C. Schulte has studied philosophy and history in the US and finished her MSc in philoso-phy and history of science at LSE. She did her PhD in philosophy of science, focus on medi-cine, at Hamburg University. She works freelance in an advisory capacity for NGOs working in the medical field and writes articles in her area of expertise.

Philosophy and science. --- Medicine—Philosophy. --- Medicine. --- Philosophy of Science. --- Philosophy of Medicine. --- Medicine/Public Health, general. --- Health Workforce --- Science and philosophy --- Science --- Philosophy of Science --- Philosophy of Medicine --- Medicine/Public Health, general --- Clinical Medicine --- Philosophy of medicine --- Hahnemann Edzard Ernst --- Jeremy Howick --- Thomas Kuhn --- Homeopathy --- Epistemology --- Informed consent --- ECMO --- Tuskegee --- Placebo --- Bench to bedside --- External validity --- Randomised controlled trials --- Evidence-based medicine --- Open Access --- Philosophy of science --- Philosophy --- Medicine: general issues --- Medicine --- Medical sciences. --- Health Sciences. --- Philosophy.

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"Population-based survey experiments have become an invaluable tool for social scientists struggling to generalize laboratory-based results, and for survey researchers besieged by uncertainties about causality. Thanks to technological advances in recent years, experiments can now be administered to random samples of the population to which a theory applies. Yet until now, there was no self-contained resource for social scientists seeking a concise and accessible overview of this methodology, its strengths and weaknesses, and the unique challenges it poses for implementation and analysis. Drawing on examples from across the social sciences, this book covers everything you need to know to plan, implement, and analyze the results of population-based survey experiments. But it is more than just a 'how to' manual. This lively book challenges conventional wisdom about internal and external validity, showing why strong causal claims need not come at the expense of external validity, and how it is now possible to execute experiments remotely using large-scale population samples. Designed for social scientists across the disciplines, Population-Based Survey Experiments provides the first complete introduction to this methodology"--Provided by publisher.

Social surveys --- Surveys --- Government surveys --- Mathematical geography --- Methodology. --- Methodology --- Institutional Review Board. --- Internet. --- analysis stage. --- anchoring. --- card sort techniques. --- cause. --- complex theories. --- covariates. --- direct treatment. --- direct treatments. --- economic games. --- effect. --- ethics. --- experimentalists. --- external validity. --- factorial designs. --- false feedback. --- game-based treatments. --- gaming. --- generalizability. --- human subjects. --- hybrid methodology. --- hypotheses. --- hypothetical people. --- independent variable. --- indirect treatments. --- inferential process. --- internal validity. --- item count technique. --- measurement. --- observational methods. --- observational studies. --- online experiments. --- particularistic research. --- population average. --- population-based experiment. --- population-based experiments. --- population-based survey experiments. --- population-based survey. --- random population samples. --- random samples. --- randomization checks. --- real world settings. --- realism. --- research design. --- research. --- researchers. --- social science laboratories. --- social science theories. --- split-ballot approach. --- survey experiments. --- survey weights. --- surveys. --- traditional experiments. --- traditional surveys. --- vignette treatments. --- war stories. --- Qualitative methods in social research --- SURVEYS -- 343.901 --- SOCIAL SURVEYS -- 343.901 --- SURVEYS -- 370.40 --- SOCIAL SURVEYS -- 370.40 --- SOCIAL SURVEYS -- 159.99