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This book provides the reader a fully descriptive approach of labia minora hypertrophy and clitoral hood elongation related to anatomical variants. The expert contributors present their reproducible and structured technique of Topographic Labiaplasty, that allows the surgeon to improve surgical results and avoid complications and poor aesthetic outcomes. It also enables surgeons to understand the huge anatomical variants related to labia minora hypertrophy and clitoral frenulum complex aiming a better result from the aesthetic and functional point of view. The eighteen well written chapters include a brief historical research about the history of labiaplasty, classifications of labia minora hypertrophy, indications and contraindications for the surgery, anesthetic considerations, surgical instrumentation, reconstructive aspects, labiaplasty in teenagers and the sexological impact. The book also features surgical videos. Topographic Labiaplasty - From Theory to Practice is addressed to consultants in gynecology, plastic surgery, urogynecology and those interested in female cosmetic genital surgery The English translation of this book from its Spanish original manuscript was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service provider DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision of the content was done by the author.

Gynecology. --- Surgery, Plastic. --- Dermatology. --- Plastic Surgery. --- Medicine --- Skin --- Aesthetic surgery --- Cosmetic surgery --- Plastic surgery --- Reconstructive surgery --- Surgery, Aesthetic --- Surgery, Cosmetic --- Surgery, Reconstructive --- Transplantation of organs, tissues, etc. --- Plastic surgeons --- Gynaecology --- Generative organs, Female --- Diseases --- Vulva. --- External female generative organs --- External female genitalia --- External generative organs, Female --- External genitalia, Female --- Female external generative organs --- Female external genitalia --- Female pudendum --- Partes genitales femininae externae --- Pudendum, Female --- Pudendum femininum --- Pudendum muliebre

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The Hedgehog signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that governs complex developmental processes, including stem cell maintenance, proliferation, differentiation, and patterning. Several recent studies have shown that the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling is associated with neoplastic transformation, cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, multiple cancers’ drug resistance, and survival rates. This book focuses on several aspects of Hedgehog signaling in organogenesis and the tumor microenvironment, and presents reviews and original papers on recent efforts in the field of Hedgehog signaling.

Medicine --- Cyp26 enzymes --- congenital anomalies --- CRE/LoxP --- hedgehog signaling --- mouse models --- retinoic acid --- smoothened --- sonic hedgehog --- sonic hedgehog (SHH) --- oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) --- tumor microenvironment (TME) --- tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) --- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) --- tumor-associated angiogenesis --- hedgehog --- growth plate --- endochondral ossification --- chondrocyte --- osteoblast --- bone disease --- TMJ --- synovial joint --- articular disc --- Ihh --- PTHrP --- osteoarthritis --- epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) --- prostate cancer --- external genitalia --- androgen --- basement membrane --- bone morphogenetic protein --- stem cell --- animal experiment --- fracture healing --- cancer stem cells --- hypospadias --- urethra --- penis --- bone --- hedgehog signalling --- tooth development --- epithelial and mesenchymal interaction --- Gli1 --- mesenchymal stem cell --- lineage tracing analysis --- stem cell marker --- Cyp26 enzymes --- congenital anomalies --- CRE/LoxP --- hedgehog signaling --- mouse models --- retinoic acid --- smoothened --- sonic hedgehog --- sonic hedgehog (SHH) --- oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) --- tumor microenvironment (TME) --- tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) --- cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) --- tumor-associated angiogenesis --- hedgehog --- growth plate --- endochondral ossification --- chondrocyte --- osteoblast --- bone disease --- TMJ --- synovial joint --- articular disc --- Ihh --- PTHrP --- osteoarthritis --- epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EMI) --- prostate cancer --- external genitalia --- androgen --- basement membrane --- bone morphogenetic protein --- stem cell --- animal experiment --- fracture healing --- cancer stem cells --- hypospadias --- urethra --- penis --- bone --- hedgehog signalling --- tooth development --- epithelial and mesenchymal interaction --- Gli1 --- mesenchymal stem cell --- lineage tracing analysis --- stem cell marker