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2022 (3)

1994 (1)

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Book
Introduction to the numerical solution of Markov chains
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ISBN: 0691223386 Year: 1994 Publisher: Princeton, New Jersey ; Oxford, England : Princeton University Press,

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Abstract

A cornerstone of applied probability, Markov chains can be used to help model how plants grow, chemicals react, and atoms diffuse--and applications are increasingly being found in such areas as engineering, computer science, economics, and education. To apply the techniques to real problems, however, it is necessary to understand how Markov chains can be solved numerically. In this book, the first to offer a systematic and detailed treatment of the numerical solution of Markov chains, William Stewart provides scientists on many levels with the power to put this theory to use in the actual world, where it has applications in areas as diverse as engineering, economics, and education. His efforts make for essential reading in a rapidly growing field. Here Stewart explores all aspects of numerically computing solutions of Markov chains, especially when the state is huge. He provides extensive background to both discrete-time and continuous-time Markov chains and examines many different numerical computing methods--direct, single-and multi-vector iterative, and projection methods. More specifically, he considers recursive methods often used when the structure of the Markov chain is upper Hessenberg, iterative aggregation/disaggregation methods that are particularly appropriate when it is NCD (nearly completely decomposable), and reduced schemes for cases in which the chain is periodic. There are chapters on methods for computing transient solutions, on stochastic automata networks, and, finally, on currently available software. Throughout Stewart draws on numerous examples and comparisons among the methods he so thoroughly explains.


Book
Advances in Architectural Acoustics
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism


Book
Advances in Architectural Acoustics
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Bookmark

Abstract

Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

Keywords

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- n/a


Book
Advances in Architectural Acoustics
Authors: --- ---
Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

Satisfactory acoustics is crucial for the ability of spaces such as auditoriums and lecture rooms to perform their primary function. The acoustics of dwellings and offices greatly affects the quality of our life, since we are all consciously or subconsciously aware of the sounds to which we are daily subjected. Architectural acoustics, which encompasses room and building acoustics, is the scientific field that deals with these topics and can be defined as the study of generation, propagation, and effects of sound in enclosures. Modeling techniques, as well as related acoustic theories for accurately calculating the sound field, have been the center of many major new developments. In addition, the image conveyed by a purely physical description of sound would be incomplete without regarding human perception; hence, the interrelation between objective stimuli and subjective sensations is a field of important investigations. A holistic approach in terms of research and practice is the optimum way for solving the perplexing problems which arise in the design or refurbishment of spaces, since current trends in contemporary architecture, such as transparency, openness, and preference for bare sound-reflecting surfaces are continuing pushing the very limits of functional acoustics. All the advances in architectural acoustics gathered in this Special Issue, we hope that inspire researchers and acousticians to explore new directions in this age of scientific convergence.

Keywords

acoustic measurements --- impulse response measurements --- omnidirectional source --- dodecahedron --- acoustic parameters --- sound source --- reverberation time --- ISO 3382 --- auralization --- sound absorption --- perforated panels --- micro-perforated panels --- resonant absorbers --- frequency domain --- PUFEM --- room acoustics --- wave-based method --- discretization error --- explicit method --- finite element method --- high order scheme --- room acoustic simulations --- time domain --- shoebox concert hall --- diffusive surfaces --- diffusers location --- acoustical parameters --- variable acoustics --- subjective investigation --- acoustics --- opera house --- intangible cultural heritage --- open-air ancient theatres --- ISO 3382-1 --- firecrackers --- building acoustics --- sound absorption coefficient --- prediction models --- supervised learning method --- worship space acoustics --- acoustics simulation --- acoustic heritage --- archaeo-acoustics --- acoustic subspaces --- FDTD simulation --- speech intelligibility --- open-plan offices --- spatial decay --- ISO 3382-3 --- room absorption --- office noise --- speech --- calculation models --- absorption --- scattering --- airflow resistivity --- long space --- coherent image source method --- sound-absorbing boundary --- sound field modeling --- scale-model experiment --- reflection power --- room response --- directional decay rates --- room modes --- eigenbeam processing --- spatial correlation --- concert hall acoustics --- lateral reflections --- shoebox typology --- spatial impression --- perception thresholds --- skeletal reflections --- reflection sequence --- seat dip effect --- seat height --- seat spacing --- mechanism --- n/a

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