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If wars are costly and risky to both sides, why do they occur? Why engage in an arms race when it's clear that increasing one's own defense expenditures will only trigger a similar reaction by the other side, leaving both countries just as insecure-and considerably poorer? Just as people buy expensive things precisely because they are more expensive, because they offer the possibility of improved social status or prestige, so too do countries, argues Lilach Gilady. In The Price of Prestige, Gilady shows how many seemingly wasteful government expenditures that appear to contradict the laws of demand actually follow the pattern for what are known as Veblen goods, or positional goods for which demand increases alongside price, even when cheaper substitutes are readily available. From flashy space programs to costly weapons systems a country does not need and cannot maintain to foreign aid programs that offer little benefit to recipients, these conspicuous and strategically timed expenditures are intended to instill awe in the observer through their wasteful might. And underestimating the important social role of excess has serious policy implications. Increasing the cost of war, for example, may not always be an effective tool for preventing it, Gilady argues, nor does decreasing the cost of weapons and other technologies of war necessarily increase the potential for conflict, as shown by the case of a cheap fighter plane whose price tag drove consumers away. In today's changing world, where there are high levels of uncertainty about the distribution of power, Gilady also offers a valuable way to predict which countries are most likely to be concerned about their position and therefore adopt costly, excessive policies.
International relations --- Prestige. --- Social aspects. --- Economic aspects. --- political economy, economic conditions, international economies, diplomacy, conflict, arms race, expensive things, consumers, consumerism, capitalism, prestige items, social status, wasteful government expenditures, defense spending, national security, laws of demand, veblen goods, space programs, weapons systems, foreign aid program, excess, policy implications, wealth, money, influence, power.
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American literature --- Thematology --- Oates, J. --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . A Garden of Earthly Delights --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Childwold --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Do With Me What You Will --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Expensive People --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . The Assassins : A Book of Hours --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Them --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . With Shuddering Fall --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Wonderland --- Oates, Joyce Carol --- Criticism and interpretation
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Generation Priced Out is a call to action on one of the most talked-about issues of our time: how skyrocketing rents and home values are pricing the working and middle classes out of urban America. Randy Shaw tells the powerful stories of tenants, politicians, homeowner groups, developers, and activists in over a dozen cities impacted by the national housing crisis. From San Francisco to New York, Seattle to Denver, and Los Angeles to Austin, Generation Priced Out challenges progressive cities to reverse rising economic and racial inequality. Shaw exposes how boomer homeowners restrict millennials’ access to housing in big cities, a generational divide that increasingly dominates city politics. Shaw also demonstrates that neighborhood gentrification is not inevitable and presents proven measures for cities to preserve and expand their working- and middle-class populations and achieve more equitable and inclusive outcomes. Generation Priced Out is a must-read for anyone concerned about the future of urban America.
Housing --- Middle class --- Generation Y --- Economic conditions. --- activism. --- architecture planning. --- baby boomers. --- baltimore streets housing. --- city housing. --- city planning. --- developers. --- economic inequality. --- economics. --- economy. --- environment. --- expensive cities. --- gentrification. --- homeowner groups. --- housing crisis. --- housing market. --- housing rights. --- housing. --- landlords. --- middle class. --- millennial life. --- millennials. --- nonfiction. --- poverty. --- progressive cities. --- racial inequality. --- real estate. --- rent increases. --- social justice. --- social science. --- tenant rights. --- tenants. --- urban housing. --- urban planning. --- urbanism. --- working class.
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Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Childwold --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Expensive People --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Wonderland --- Women and literature --- -Psychological fiction, American --- -American psychological fiction --- American fiction --- Literature --- History --- -History and criticism --- Oates, Joyce Carol --- -Criticism and interpretation --- -History --- Psychological fiction, American --- History and criticism --- Oates, Joyce Carol, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Criticism and interpretation --- Smith, Joyce Carol Oates, --- Oouts, Tzois Karol, --- Oatesová, Joyce Carol, --- Outs, Dzhoĭs Kėrol, --- Outs, D. K. --- אוטס, ג׳ויס קרול, --- Smith, Rosamond, --- Fernandes, --- Kelly, Lauren, --- Oates (joyce carol), 1938 --- -Oates (joyce carol), 1938 --- -Oates, Joyce Carol
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Nestled in the Himalayan foothills of Northeast India, Darjeeling is synonymous with some of the finest and most expensive tea in the world. It is also home to a violent movement for regional autonomy that, like the tea industry, dates back to the days of colonial rule. In this nuanced ethnography, Sarah Besky narrates the lives of tea workers in Darjeeling. She explores how notions of fairness, value, and justice shifted with the rise of fair-trade practices and postcolonial separatist politics in the region. This is the first book to explore how fair-trade operates in the context of large-scale plantations. Readers in a variety of disciplines-anthropology, sociology, geography, environmental studies, and food studies-will gain a critical perspective on how plantation life is changing as Darjeeling struggles to reinvent its signature commodity for twenty-first-century consumers. The Darjeeling Distinction challenges fair-trade policy and practice, exposing how trade initiatives often fail to consider the larger environmental, historical, and sociopolitical forces that shape the lives of the people they intended to support.
Competition, Unfair -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea plantations -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea trade -- India -- Darjeeling (District). --- Tea trade --- Tea plantations --- Competition, Unfair --- Business & Economics --- Industries --- Tea industry --- Competition --- Competition law --- Fair trade --- Unfair competition --- Unfair trade practices --- Law and legislation --- Beverage industry --- Plantations --- Commercial crimes --- Commercial law --- Industrial property --- Torts --- Advertising laws --- E-books --- Social Sciences and Humanities. Economics --- International Economy --- International Trade. --- Economic Theory --- Welfare Theory. --- anthropology. --- colonial rule. --- darjeeling. --- disciplines. --- environmental studies. --- expensive tea. --- fair trade practices. --- fairness. --- geography. --- himalayan foothills. --- justice. --- northeast india. --- nuanced ethnography. --- postcolonial separatist politics. --- region. --- regional autonomy. --- sociology. --- tea industry. --- tea leaves. --- tea workers. --- value. --- violent movement.
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From its crude and uneasy beginnings thirty years ago, Chinese sperm banking has become a routine part of China's pervasive and restrictive reproductive complex. Today, there are sperm banks in each of China's twenty-two provinces, the biggest of which screen some three thousand to four thousand potential donors each year. Given the estimated one to two million azoospermic men--those who are unable to produce their own sperm--the demand remains insatiable. China's twenty-two sperm banks cannot keep up, spurring sperm bank directors to publicly lament chronic shortages and even warn of a national 'sperm crisis' (jingzi weiji). Good Quality explores the issues behind the crisis, including declining sperm quality in the country due to environmental pollution, as well as a chronic national shortage of donors. In doing so, Wahlberg outlines the specific style of Chinese sperm banking that has emerged, shaped by the particular cultural, juridical, economic and social configurations that make up China's restrictive reproductive complex. Good Quality shows how this high-throughput style shapes the ways in which men experience donation and how sperm is made available to couples who can afford it.
Artificial insemination --- Sperm donors --- Sperm banks --- Semen banks --- Germplasm resources, Animal --- Tissue banks --- Donors, Sperm --- Men --- AI (Artificial insemination) --- Artificial impregnation --- Domestic animals --- Impregnation, Artificial --- Insemination, Artificial --- Instrumental insemination --- Livestock --- Animal breeding --- Reproductive technology --- China --- Social life and customs. --- #SBIB:39A9 --- #SBIB:39A75 --- #SBIB:316.334.3M50 --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Etnografie: Azië --- Organisatie van de gezondheidszorg: algemeen, beleid --- azoospermic men. --- china. --- chinese sperm banking. --- chinese. --- chronic national shortage. --- chronic shortages. --- couples. --- cultural. --- declining sperm quality. --- economic. --- environmental pollution. --- expensive. --- impotent. --- jingzi weiji. --- juridical. --- potential donors. --- restrictive reproduction. --- social configurations. --- sperm banks. --- sperm crisis. --- sperm donation.
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American literature --- Oates, J. --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . A Garden of Earthly Delights --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Childwold --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Do With Me What You Will --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Expensive People --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Son of the Morning --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . The Assassins : A Book of Hours --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Them --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . With Shuddering Fall --- Oates, Joyce Carol, 1938- . Wonderland --- Women and literature --- Psychological fiction, American --- History --- History and criticism --- Oates, Joyce Carol, --- Criticism and interpretation --- Oates, Joyce Carol --- Women and literature - United States - History - 20th century --- Psychological fiction, American - History and criticism --- Oates, Joyce Carol, - 1938- - Criticism and interpretation --- Oates (joyce carol), 1938 --- -Oates (joyce carol), 1938 --- -American literature --- -Women and literature --- Oates, Joyce Carol, - 1938 --- Oates, Joyce Carol, - 1938-
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G. A. Cohen was one of the most gifted, influential, and progressive voices in contemporary political philosophy. At the time of his death in 2009, he had plans to bring together a number of his most significant papers. This is the first of three volumes to realize those plans. Drawing on three decades of work, it contains previously uncollected articles that have shaped many of the central debates in political philosophy, as well as papers published here for the first time. In these pieces, Cohen asks what egalitarians have most reason to equalize, he considers the relationship between freedom and property, and he reflects upon ideal theory and political practice. Included here are classic essays such as "Equality of What?" and "Capitalism, Freedom, and the Proletariat," along with more recent contributions such as "Fairness and Legitimacy in Justice," "Freedom and Money," and the previously unpublished "How to Do Political Philosophy." On ample display throughout are the clarity, rigor, conviction, and wit for which Cohen was renowned. Together, these essays demonstrate how his work provides a powerful account of liberty and equality to the left of Ronald Dworkin, John Rawls, Amartya Sen, and Isaiah Berlin.
Political science --- Communism. --- Social justice. --- Distributive justice. --- Capitalism. --- Equality. --- Political philosophy --- Bolshevism --- Communist movements --- Leninism --- Maoism --- Marxism --- Trotskyism --- Collectivism --- Totalitarianism --- Post-communism --- Socialism --- Village communities --- Equality --- Justice --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Social justice --- Wealth --- Market economy --- Economics --- Profit --- Capital --- Egalitarianism --- Inequality --- Social equality --- Social inequality --- Sociology --- Democracy --- Liberty --- Philosophy. --- Moral and ethical aspects --- Amartya Sen. --- Antony Flew. --- David Miller. --- G. A. Cohen. --- Isaiah Berlin. --- John Rawls. --- Ronald Dworkin. --- Thomas Nagel. --- brute luck. --- capability. --- constructivism. --- control. --- egalitarian justice. --- egalitarianism. --- egalitarians. --- equality. --- expensive taste. --- fairness. --- freedom. --- ideal theory. --- judgmental taste. --- justice. --- learn. --- legitimacy. --- liberals. --- libertarians. --- liberty. --- luck egalitarianism. --- money. --- moral theory. --- option luck. --- political philosophy. --- political practice. --- poor people. --- poverty. --- private property rights. --- property. --- redistribution. --- rich people. --- taxation. --- teach. --- utilitarianism. --- welfare.
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