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";Flawless . . . [Makdisi] reminds us of the critical declarations of secularism which existed in the history of the Middle East.";-Robert Fisk, The Independent Today's headlines paint the Middle East as a collection of war-torn countries and extremist groups consumed by sectarian rage. Ussama Makdisi's Age of Coexistence reveals a hidden and hopeful story that counters this clichéd portrayal. It shows how a region rich with ethnic and religious diversity created a modern culture of coexistence amid Ottoman reformation, European colonialism, and the emergence of nationalism. Moving from the nineteenth century to the present, this groundbreaking book explores, without denial or equivocation, the politics of pluralism during the Ottoman Empire and in the post-Ottoman Arab world. Rather than judging the Arab world as a place of age-old sectarian animosities, Age of Coexistence describes the forging of a complex system of coexistence, what Makdisi calls the "ecumenical frame." He argues that new forms of antisectarian politics, and some of the most important examples of Muslim-Christian political collaboration, crystallized to make and define the modern Arab world. Despite massive challenges and setbacks, and despite the persistence of colonialism and authoritarianism, this framework for coexistence has endured for nearly a century. It is a reminder that religious diversity does not automatically lead to sectarianism. Instead, as Makdisi demonstrates, people of different faiths, but not necessarily of different political outlooks, have consistently tried to build modern societies that transcend religious and sectarian differences.

Cultural pluralism --- History. --- Middle East --- History --- Religious aspects. --- 19th century. --- anti sectarian politics. --- arabs. --- authoritarianism. --- cliche. --- coexistence. --- ethnic diversity. --- european colonialism. --- extremist groups. --- middle east. --- modern arab world. --- modern culture. --- muslim christian political collaboration. --- nationalism. --- ottoman empire. --- ottoman reformation. --- politics of pluralism. --- post ottoman arab world. --- racial diversity. --- religion. --- sectarian rage. --- war torn countries.

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An American Empire, constructed over the last century, long ago overtook European colonialism, and it has been widely assumed that the new globalism it espoused took us "beyond geography." Neil Smith debunks that assumption, offering an incisive argument that American globalism had a distinct geography and was pieced together as part of a powerful geographical vision. The power of geography did not die with the twilight of European colonialism, but it did change fundamentally. That the inauguration of the American Century brought a loss of public geographical sensibility in the United States was itself a political symptom of the emerging empire. This book provides a vital geographical-historical context for understanding the power and limits of contemporary globalization, which can now be seen as representing the third of three distinct historical moments of U.S. global ambition. The story unfolds through a decisive account of the career of Isaiah Bowman (1878-1950), the most famous American geographer of the twentieth century. For nearly four decades Bowman operated around the vortex of state power, working to bring an American order to the global landscape. An explorer on the famous Machu Picchu expedition of 1911 who came to be known first as "Woodrow Wilson's geographer," and later as Franklin D. Roosevelt's, Bowman was present at the creation of U.S. liberal foreign policy. A quarter-century later, Bowman was at the center of Roosevelt's State Department, concerned with the disposition of Germany and heightened U.S. access to European colonies; he was described by Dean Acheson as a key "architect of the United Nations." In that period he was a leader in American science, served as president of Johns Hopkins University, and became an early and vociferous cold warrior. A complicated, contradictory, and at times controversial figure who was very much in the public eye, he appeared on the cover of Time magazine. Bowman's career as a geographer in an era when the value of geography was deeply questioned provides a unique window into the contradictory uses of geographical knowledge in the construction of the American Empire. Smith's historical excavation reveals, in broad strokes yet with lively detail, that today's American-inspired globalization springs not from the 1980's but from two earlier moments in 1919 and 1945, both of which ended in failure. By recharting the geography of this history, Smith brings the politics-and the limits-of contemporary globalization sharply into focus.

Globalization --- Geography --- Geographers --- Global cities --- Globalisation --- Internationalization --- International relations --- Anti-globalization movement --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Earth scientists --- History --- Bowman, Isaiah, --- Pao-man, --- american empire. --- american history. --- colonialism. --- colonies. --- contemporary. --- cultural history. --- cultural studies. --- culture. --- debunked. --- empire. --- europe. --- european colonialism. --- european colonies. --- european history. --- explorer. --- foreign policy. --- geography. --- global. --- globalism. --- globalization. --- international. --- modern world. --- myth. --- power structure. --- power struggle. --- science. --- social history. --- social studies. --- state department. --- united nations. --- united states history. --- us history.

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Theories of international relations, assumed to be universally applicable, have failed to explain the creation of states in Africa. There, the interaction of power and space is dramatically different from what occurred in Europe. In States and Power in Africa, Jeffrey Herbst places the African state-building process in a truly comparative perspective. Herbst's bold contention-that the conditions now facing African state-builders existed long before European penetration of the continent-is sure to provoke controversy, for it runs counter to the prevailing assumption that colonialism changed everything. This revised edition includes a new preface in which the author links the enormous changes that have taken place in Africa over the past fifteen years to long-term state consolidation. The final chapter on policy prescriptions has also been revised to reflect the evolution of African and international responses to state failure.

Political sociology --- Politics --- Power (Social sciences) --- Africa --- Politics and government. --- Africa. --- African Problem. --- African politics. --- Europe. --- European colonialism. --- West Africa. --- agriculture. --- authority. --- autonomy. --- boundaries. --- chiefs. --- citizenship. --- colonial Africa. --- colonialism. --- currency. --- elites. --- ethnic groups. --- hegemony. --- independent Africa. --- international relations. --- land allocation. --- land tenure. --- land. --- migration. --- nation-states. --- national design. --- peace. --- policy. --- political geography. --- politics. --- population movements. --- power. --- precolonial Africa. --- property rights. --- refugees. --- rural areas. --- sovereignty. --- space. --- state consolidation. --- state failure. --- state-building. --- states. --- territory.

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This volume enquires about how racialization shapes European societies and the lives of people affected by it in myriad ways. It provides a powerful collection of new publications by scholars who, through their research, contribute to placing race and racialization studies at the forefront of European academia.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- European Muslims --- inequalities --- gender --- youth of migrant origin --- knowledge production --- anti-racism --- intersectionality --- EU anti-racism action plan 2020–2025 --- activism --- border externalization --- West Africa --- migration --- illegalization --- politics of belonging --- narratives --- black youth --- gender ideologies --- Spain --- racialization --- aporophobia --- class --- discrimination --- immigration --- Roma --- Ciganos/Roma --- racism --- social inequalities --- COVID-19 pandemic --- Portugal --- integration --- race --- Europe --- United States --- Charnegroes --- Black Africans --- Catalonia --- national identity --- Africanness --- antigypsyism --- hate speech --- racial discrimination --- symbolic violence --- EU Roma framework --- Spanish politics --- colorblindness --- diversity --- multiracial --- interculturalism --- diversity management --- post-racial --- whiteness --- colorblind --- European colonialism

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This volume enquires about how racialization shapes European societies and the lives of people affected by it in myriad ways. It provides a powerful collection of new publications by scholars who, through their research, contribute to placing race and racialization studies at the forefront of European academia.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography --- European Muslims --- inequalities --- gender --- youth of migrant origin --- knowledge production --- anti-racism --- intersectionality --- EU anti-racism action plan 2020–2025 --- activism --- border externalization --- West Africa --- migration --- illegalization --- politics of belonging --- narratives --- black youth --- gender ideologies --- Spain --- racialization --- aporophobia --- class --- discrimination --- immigration --- Roma --- Ciganos/Roma --- racism --- social inequalities --- COVID-19 pandemic --- Portugal --- integration --- race --- Europe --- United States --- Charnegroes --- Black Africans --- Catalonia --- national identity --- Africanness --- antigypsyism --- hate speech --- racial discrimination --- symbolic violence --- EU Roma framework --- Spanish politics --- colorblindness --- diversity --- multiracial --- interculturalism --- diversity management --- post-racial --- whiteness --- colorblind --- European colonialism