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The topics covered in the book cover different aspects of sexual and reproductive health. This book provides novel research results that may be essential as a basis for the development of health policies and strategies in sexual and reproductive health. These policies are necessary to achieve greater health protection. Among others, issues as important as the increase in STIs, their risk factors, vulnerable situations and populations, as well as the issue of priority in reproductive health, such as the care that must be provided during pregnancy and childbirth in order to guarantee healthy women and children, are developed in the book. There is no doubt that women should be the preferential recipients of these health policies and strategies and, therefore, pathologies that have an impact on their quality of life as well as the situations of gender violence that these women experience also occupy a place within the content of this book. In this book, you can find interesting results allowing researchers to take into account in proposing new lines of research, students and academics to receive and transmit the most current and relevant knowledge, political leaders to develop adequate and efficient health policies and strategies, and clinical health professionals to work in clinical practice with the best available scientific evidence.

Medicine --- female genital mutilation (FGM) --- women's health needs --- equality --- quality of maternity care --- midwifery continuity of care --- sexually transmitted infections --- economic recession --- transients and migrants --- government health expenditure --- adolescents --- maternal health --- family planning --- abortion --- training --- health professionals --- unplanned pregnancy --- Thailand --- pre-post evaluation --- son preference --- reproductive behavior --- migrant women --- subsequent parity --- HIV prevention --- unintended pregnancies --- condom use --- sexual risk --- Latins --- psychometric --- validity --- sexual behavior --- STI prevention --- US state laws --- infant mortality --- chronic fatigue --- endometriosis --- psychosocial status --- quality of life --- validation study --- satisfaction questionnaire --- birth attention --- patient satisfaction --- diagnostic --- diagnostic targets --- ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay --- epitopes --- immunogens --- sera --- serodiagnosis --- Trichomonas vaginalis --- non-prescription drugs --- community pharmacies --- consultation --- patient simulation --- emergency contraception --- ulipristal acetate --- Germany --- sexual behaviour --- sexual health --- sexually transmitted diseases --- public health --- risk groups --- Apgar score --- meta-analysis --- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit --- neonatal morbidity --- newborn care --- labor stage --- second --- systematic review --- maternal dietary patterns --- pregnancy --- gestational gain weight --- offspring --- patient and public involvement --- women --- health --- research --- international collaboration --- ethnic disparity --- utilization --- maternal and child health services --- China --- attitudes --- HIV/AIDS --- students --- nursing --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- predictive model --- validation --- intimate partner violence --- prevalence --- umbrella review --- female genital mutilation (FGM) --- women's health needs --- equality --- quality of maternity care --- midwifery continuity of care --- sexually transmitted infections --- economic recession --- transients and migrants --- government health expenditure --- adolescents --- maternal health --- family planning --- abortion --- training --- health professionals --- unplanned pregnancy --- Thailand --- pre-post evaluation --- son preference --- reproductive behavior --- migrant women --- subsequent parity --- HIV prevention --- unintended pregnancies --- condom use --- sexual risk --- Latins --- psychometric --- validity --- sexual behavior --- STI prevention --- US state laws --- infant mortality --- chronic fatigue --- endometriosis --- psychosocial status --- quality of life --- validation study --- satisfaction questionnaire --- birth attention --- patient satisfaction --- diagnostic --- diagnostic targets --- ELISA-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay --- epitopes --- immunogens --- sera --- serodiagnosis --- Trichomonas vaginalis --- non-prescription drugs --- community pharmacies --- consultation --- patient simulation --- emergency contraception --- ulipristal acetate --- Germany --- sexual behaviour --- sexual health --- sexually transmitted diseases --- public health --- risk groups --- Apgar score --- meta-analysis --- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit --- neonatal morbidity --- newborn care --- labor stage --- second --- systematic review --- maternal dietary patterns --- pregnancy --- gestational gain weight --- offspring --- patient and public involvement --- women --- health --- research --- international collaboration --- ethnic disparity --- utilization --- maternal and child health services --- China --- attitudes --- HIV/AIDS --- students --- nursing --- post-traumatic stress disorder --- predictive model --- validation --- intimate partner violence --- prevalence --- umbrella review

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In recent years, artificial intelligence has increasingly been playing an essential role in diverse areas in medicine, assisting clinicians in patient management. In nephrology and transplantation, artificial intelligence can be utilized to enhance clinical care, such as through hemodialysis prescriptions and the follow-up of kidney transplant patients. Furthermore, there are rapidly expanding applications and validations of comprehensive, computerized medical records and related databases, including national registries, health insurance, and drug prescriptions. For this Special Issue, we made a call to action to stimulate researchers and clinicians to submit their invaluable works and present, here, a collection of articles covering original clinical research (single- or multi-center), database studies from registries, meta-analyses, and artificial intelligence research in nephrology including acute kidney injury, electrolytes and acid–base, chronic kidney disease, glomerular disease, dialysis, and transplantation that will provide additional knowledge and skills in the field of nephrology and transplantation toward improving patient outcomes.

Medicine --- tacrolimus --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- everolimus --- conversion --- kidney transplantation --- gut microbiome --- renal transplant recipient --- diarrhea --- immunosuppressive medication --- gut microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- butyrate-producing bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- torquetenovirus --- immunosuppression --- transplantation --- immunosuppressed host --- outcome --- renal transplantation --- Goodpasture syndrome --- anti-GBM disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- outcomes --- acute kidney injury --- risk prediction --- artificial intelligence --- patent ductus arteriosus --- conservative management --- blood pressure --- eradication --- interferon-free regimen --- hepatitis C infection --- kidney transplant --- allograft steatosis --- lipopeliosis --- transplant numbers --- live donors --- public awareness --- Google TrendsTM --- machine learning --- big data --- nephrology --- chronic kidney disease --- NLR --- PLR --- RPGN --- predictive value --- hemodialysis --- withdrawal --- cellular crescent --- global sclerosis --- procurement kidney biopsy --- glomerulosclerosis --- minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy --- robot-assisted surgery --- laparoscopic surgery --- organ donation --- living kidney donation --- MeltDose® --- LCPT --- renal function --- liver transplantation --- metabolism --- erythropoietin --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- death --- weekend effect --- in-hospital mortality --- comorbidity --- dialysis --- elderly --- klotho --- α-Klotho --- FGF-23 --- kidney donor --- Nephrology --- CKD-MBD --- CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder --- deceased donor --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- risk stratification --- intensive care --- kidney transplant recipients --- long-term outcomes --- graft failure --- cardiovascular mortality --- lifestyle --- inflammation --- vascular calcification --- bone mineral density --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- living donation --- repeated kidney transplantation --- graft survival --- prolonged ischaemic time --- patient survival --- pre-emptive transplantation --- metabolomics --- urine --- acute rejection --- allograft --- cystatin C --- hyperfiltration --- kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 --- tubular damage --- genetic polymorphisms --- (cardiac) surgery --- inflammatory cytokines --- clinical studies --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- no known kidney disease (NKD) --- ICD-10 billing codes --- phenotyping --- electronic health record (EHR) --- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) --- machine learning (ML) --- generalized linear model network (GLMnet) --- random forest (RF) --- artificial neural network (ANN), clinical natural language processing (clinical NLP) --- discharge summaries --- laboratory values --- area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) --- area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) --- fibrosis --- extracellular matrix --- collagen type VI --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- ethnic disparity --- tacrolimus --- C/D ratio --- tacrolimus metabolism --- everolimus --- conversion --- kidney transplantation --- gut microbiome --- renal transplant recipient --- diarrhea --- immunosuppressive medication --- gut microbiota --- 16S rRNA sequencing --- butyrate-producing bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- torquetenovirus --- immunosuppression --- transplantation --- immunosuppressed host --- outcome --- renal transplantation --- Goodpasture syndrome --- anti-GBM disease --- epidemiology --- hospitalization --- outcomes --- acute kidney injury --- risk prediction --- artificial intelligence --- patent ductus arteriosus --- conservative management --- blood pressure --- eradication --- interferon-free regimen --- hepatitis C infection --- kidney transplant --- allograft steatosis --- lipopeliosis --- transplant numbers --- live donors --- public awareness --- Google TrendsTM --- machine learning --- big data --- nephrology --- chronic kidney disease --- NLR --- PLR --- RPGN --- predictive value --- hemodialysis --- withdrawal --- cellular crescent --- global sclerosis --- procurement kidney biopsy --- glomerulosclerosis --- minimally-invasive donor nephrectomy --- robot-assisted surgery --- laparoscopic surgery --- organ donation --- living kidney donation --- MeltDose® --- LCPT --- renal function --- liver transplantation --- metabolism --- erythropoietin --- fibroblast growth factor 23 --- death --- weekend effect --- in-hospital mortality --- comorbidity --- dialysis --- elderly --- klotho --- α-Klotho --- FGF-23 --- kidney donor --- Nephrology --- CKD-MBD --- CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder --- deceased donor --- Eurotransplant Senior Program --- risk stratification --- intensive care --- kidney transplant recipients --- long-term outcomes --- graft failure --- cardiovascular mortality --- lifestyle --- inflammation --- vascular calcification --- bone mineral density --- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry --- living donation --- repeated kidney transplantation --- graft survival --- prolonged ischaemic time --- patient survival --- pre-emptive transplantation --- metabolomics --- urine --- acute rejection --- allograft --- cystatin C --- hyperfiltration --- kidney injury molecule (KIM)-1 --- tubular damage --- genetic polymorphisms --- (cardiac) surgery --- inflammatory cytokines --- clinical studies --- chronic kidney disease (CKD) --- no known kidney disease (NKD) --- ICD-10 billing codes --- phenotyping --- electronic health record (EHR) --- estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) --- machine learning (ML) --- generalized linear model network (GLMnet) --- random forest (RF) --- artificial neural network (ANN), clinical natural language processing (clinical NLP) --- discharge summaries --- laboratory values --- area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) --- area under the precision-recall curve (AUCPR) --- fibrosis --- extracellular matrix --- collagen type VI --- living-donor kidney transplantation --- ethnic disparity