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Et nytt medielandskap har gitt endrede vilkår for offentlig debatt: for ytringsfrihet, informasjonsfrihet og kunnskapsformidling. Men der noen ser en grenseløs ny offentlighet preget av hets og sjikane, ser andre et knugende meningsklima der det straffer seg å gå mot strømmen. Og der noen hyller de nye mediene for å slippe nye stemmer til, tviler andre på at en meningsfylt samtale er mulig i dagens algoritmestyrte sosiale medier. Hvordan kan virkeligheten oppfattes så forskjellig? I denne boken undersøker forfatterne om disse motpolene har gjenklang i den norske befolkningen, eller om polariseringen er overdrevet. De utforsker hvilke grenser folk trekker for hva man kan hevde og mene offentlig, om disse grensedragningene har endret seg i de senere årene, og hvordan alder, kjønn, utdanning og politisk ståsted henger sammen med ulike oppfatninger og erfaringer. Ikke minst undersøker de kunnskapens vilkår i en ny offentlighet: Hvordan vurderer folk flest den informasjonen de har tilgang til via ulike medier? Og hvilke hindringer møter produsenter av ny kunnskap, det vil si forskere i akademia, når de utforsker og formidler sine funn? Er det rom for et mangfold av perspektiver, eller bidrar konformitetspress, maktkamp og styringssystemer til at noen temaer blir underbelyst? Med utgangspunkt i analyser av unik empiri bidrar boken med innsikt – på tvers av posisjoner og motpoler – i ytringsfrihetens vilkår i en ny norsk offentlighet.
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"The monograph considers influence over time of Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance in 10 Costa Rican coffee farming communities. In-country perspectives and relevant historic and contemporary literature inform findings.Misaligned intentions to outcomes; different sustainability approaches; and variable influence is observed. There is opportunity to: consider when certifications are most useful; develop locally relevant standards; vertically integrate sourcing chains; consider how complementary mechanisms can be used alongside, or to improve certification approach.Sustainability of coffee as a cash crop, considering influence on biodiversity, and the possible implication of reduced coffee crop density for consumers, the market and farming landscapes, is considered."
Development studies --- History --- Society & social sciences --- Ethical issues & debates --- Biology, life sciences --- Sustainability
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Laura Agustín presents an analysis of the position prostitutes occupy within the global economy.
Prostitution --- Prostitutes --- Human smuggling --- Foreign workers --- Sex tourism --- Ethical issues: prostitution & sex industry --- Attitudes.
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Stem cells --- Stem cells. --- Ethical problems. --- Research --- Moral and ethical aspects. --- Ethical issues & debates.
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"At the beginning of the 1960s, Swedish researchers started a sociological study of all children born in Stockholm in 1953, Project Metropolitan. This book describes the project’s at times dramatic history, where issues of personal integrity and the role of social sciences were heavily debated. These discussions were fueled by the rapid and far-reaching digitalization in society at large and also within social sciences. As such, Project Metropolitan came to symbolize the benefits and potential risks related to an expanding body of research based on large groups of individuals and multiple register data sources.At the outset, the project’s founders sought to answer the following question: “Why do some get on better in life than others?” One of the main aims of the project was to study the long-term impact of conditions in childhood. The book therefore also includes an updated presentation of the main findings, as they have been conveyed in over 160 publications to date. These publications cover a wide array of topics and phenomena such as social mobility and education, substance abuse and crime, health and ill-health, peer influences and family relations, and adult lives of adopted children.Today Project Metropolitan is known as the “Stockholm Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study (SBC Multigen)” and is still in full vigor. From its original group of 15,000 children, the study has become multi-generational by adding data about their parents, siblings, children, nieces and nephews. As they approach their late 60s, it will also be possible to follow these “children” into retirement and old-age.In the concluding chapter the author discusses some of the challenges contemporary social research is facing. What are the current threats to academic freedom and what opportunities do the unique data registers in countries like Sweden provide?"
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The Dark Posthuman: Dehumanization, Technology, and the Atlantic World explores how liberal humanism first enlivened, racialized, and gendered global cartographies, and how memory, ancestry, expression, and other aspects of social identity founded in its theories and practices made for the advent of the category of the posthuman through the dimensions of cultural, geographic, political, social, and scientific classification.The posthuman is very much the product of world-building narratives that have their beginnings in the commercial franchise and are fundamentally rooted in science, governance, and economics around the hegemonic appropriation of environments and commodification of bodies that initially fuelled white settler life worlds and continue to be operational in the way we conceive of these worlds as continuous ontological formations. The want has always been for ownership of any of these dimensions of being without regard to condition, to not remain stranded as the subsidiary of another’s being, to another’s claim to humanity, and finally, to escape the suffocating confines of an instrumental ontology that suggests a subcategory of humanity without rights onto itself.The Dark Posthuman distinguishes the posthuman’s place within both the liberal and neoliberal imaginary and reveals how its appearance first entrenched itself through the avarice of English settler colonialism, and subsequently, through the paranoia of American slavery. This same figure of the posthuman played a crucial role in the functional adaptation of Cold War behavioural cybernetics, and thereafter, in the fetishization of technology within the era of global financialization. The shadowing of this arrangement during and beyond the long duration of humanity’s domination of this world becomes the structural web work of this book.
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Abortion trail activists are national and transnational organizations and movements that enable access to safe abortion - this open access book adopts a global perspective to explore their historic contribution to reproductive justice, their innovative work, and the continuing and emergent problems they face. Deirdre Duffy offers the first dedicated analysis of both the historic and on-going relationship between groups supporting access to abortion and abortion politics, drawing on theoretical perspectives and debates including post-colonialism, feminist anarchism and health activism. Challenging assumptions about the achievements of pro-choice politics, Duffy examines the race-based exclusions within and created by dominant historic pro-choice narratives, critiquing the prochoice movements' whiteness, and the limitations of a focus on legal change. Case studies are drawn from across the Global North and South, including examples from Argentina, Kenya, Poland, the Netherlands, and Ireland. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by Lancaster University.
Abortion --- Pro-choice movement. --- Reproductive rights. --- Social aspects. --- Medical tourism., --- Ethical issues: abortion & birth control --- Human rights --- Women's health
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This book is a collection of fictionalised case studies of everyday ethical dilemmas and challenges, encountered in the process of conducting global health research in places where the effects of global, political and economic inequality are particularly evident. It is a training tool to fill the gap between research ethics guidelines, and their implementation 'on the ground'. The case studies, therefore, focus on 'relational' ethics: ethical actions and ideas that emerge through relations with others, rather than in regulations.
Africa --- Globalization --- Ethical issues & debates --- Ethnic studies --- ethical dilemmas --- global health --- research --- ethic guidelines --- Case study --- Ethics --- Family --- HIV --- Informed consent --- Medical research --- Public health --- Social science
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Suite à la récente « crise des pilules » de troisième et de quatrième générations, les femmes rejettent de plus en plus massivement ce moyen de contraception. Pourquoi la pilule est-elle alors tant prescrite en France, en dépit des critiques qu'elle soulève ? Comment est-elle devenue une évidence médicale alors qu'elle ne l'est pas dans d’autres pays ? Ces questions, abordées dans l’ouvrage, sont d’autant plus cruciales que ce standard médical n’est pas sans conséquences : il conduit à amalgamer « pilule » et « contraception », et à définir cette dernière exclusivement comme une « affaire de femmes ». En décortiquant le mythe de la pilule comme « révolution », Alexandra Roux retrace la genèse de cette norme contraceptive française, éclairant les débats actuels sur le rejet de la pilule, sur ces risques et sur le partage de la charge contraceptive. Elle revient sur la manière dont les mouvements féministes en France ont érigé la pilule comme symbole de leurs luttes pour la liberté procréative, laissant peu de place à la critique des risques et des effets secondaires de ce médicament. L’idée que la pilule « libère les femmes » a aussi servi de puissant argument marketing aux industries pharmaceutiques pour se garantir de très larges profits. Ainsi, l’autrice met en exergue le rôle qu’ont joué l’institution médicale et les laboratoires pharmaceutiques dans le façonnement d’un « pilulocentrisme » à la française. En imposant la pilule comme seule réponse efficace et recommandable contre le « fléau » des avortements, ces acteurs ont participé à genrer la régulation des naissances, et à exempter durablement les hommes de cette charge, au détriment des femmes.
Oral contraceptives --- Birth control --- Women --- Contraception. --- Contraceptifs oraux. --- Droits des femmes. --- Illness & addiction: social aspects. --- Ethical issues: abortion & birth control. --- Gender studies: women. --- Feminism
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Robots are increasingly becoming prevalent in our daily lives within our living or working spaces. We hope that robots will take up tedious, mundane or dirty chores and make our lives more comfortable, easy and enjoyable by providing companionship and care. However, robots may pose a threat to human privacy, safety and autonomy; therefore, it is necessary to have constant control over the developing technology to ensure the benevolent intentions and safety of autonomous systems. Building trust in (autonomous) robotic systems is thus necessary. The title of this book highlights this challenge: “Trust in robots—Trusting robots”. Herein, various notions and research areas associated with robots are unified. The theme “Trust in robots” addresses the development of technology that is trustworthy for users; “Trusting robots” focuses on building a trusting relationship with robots, furthering previous research. These themes and topics are at the core of the PhD program “Trust Robots” at TU Wien, Austria.
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