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France today is in the throes of a crisis about whether to represent social differences within its political system and, if so, how. It is a crisis defined by the rhetoric of a universalism that takes the abstract individual to be the representative not only of citizens but also of the nation. In Parité! Joan Wallach Scott shows how the requirement for abstraction has led to the exclusion of women from French politics. During the 1990's, le mouvement pour la parité successfully campaigned for women's inclusion in elective office with an argument that is unprecedented in the annals of feminism. The paritaristes insisted that if the abstract individual were thought of as sexed, then sexual difference would no longer be a relevant consideration in politics. Scott insists that this argument was neither essentialist nor separatist; it was not about women's special qualities or interests. Instead, parité was rigorously universalist-and for that reason was both misunderstood and a source of heated debate.
Women --- Women political candidates --- Equality --- Feminism --- Political candidates --- Women politicians --- Political activity --- sexuality, sex, equality, gender, womens issues, french, france, universalism, philosophy, philosophical, culture, cultural, universal, community, social studies, crisis, politics, political, individual, individuality, citizen, nation, nationalism, movement, activism, activist, separatist, essentialist, debate, controversy, controversial, discourse, law, legal.
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Among the many important tools feminist legal theorists have given scholars is that of anti-essentialism: all women are not created equal, and privilege varies greatly by circumstances,particularly that of race and class. Yet at the same time, feminist legal theory tends to view men through an essentialist lens, in which men are created equal. The study of masculinities, inspired by feminist theory to explore the construction of manhood and masculinity, questions the real circumstances of men, not in order to deny men’s privilege but to explore in particular how privilege is constructed, and what price is paid for it.In this groundbreaking work, feminist legal theorist Nancy E. Dowd exhorts readers to apply the anti-essentialist model—so dominant in feminist jurisprudence—to the study of masculinities. She demonstrates how men’s treatment by the law and society in general varies by race, economic position, sexuality, and other factors. She applies these insights to both boys and men, examining how masculinities analysis exposes both privilege and subordination. She examines men’s experienceof fatherhood and sexual abuse, and boys’ experience in the contexts of education and juvenile justice. Ultimately, Dowd calls for a more inclusive feminist theory, which, by acknowledging the study of masculinities, can broaden our understanding of privilege and subordination.
Feminist theory. --- Fatherhood. --- Masculinity. --- Sex and law. --- Men --- Law and sex --- Sex --- Sex crimes --- Human males --- Human beings --- Males --- Effeminacy --- Masculinity --- Masculinity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Feminism --- Feminist philosophy --- Feminist sociology --- Theory of feminism --- Parenthood --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Law and legislation --- Philosophy --- Dowd. --- Nancy. --- anti-essentialist. --- apply. --- dominant. --- exhorts. --- feminist. --- groundbreaking. --- jurisprudenceto. --- legal. --- masculinities. --- modelso. --- readers. --- study. --- theorist. --- this. --- work.
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Jewish Identities mounts a formidable challenge to prevailing essentialist assumptions about "Jewish music," which maintain that ethnic groups, nations, or religious communities possess an essence that must manifest itself in art created by members of that group. Klára Móricz scrutinizes concepts of Jewish identity and reorders ideas about twentieth-century "Jewish music" in three case studies: first, Russian Jewish composers of the first two decades of the twentieth century; second, the Swiss American Ernest Bloch; and third, Arnold Schoenberg. Examining these composers in the context of emerging Jewish nationalism, widespread racial theories, and utopian tendencies in modernist art and twentieth-century politics, Móricz describes a trajectory from paradigmatic nationalist techniques, through assumptions about the unintended presence of racial essences, to an abstract notion of Judaism.
Jews --- Music --- Nationalism in music. --- Nationalism and music --- National music --- History and criticism. --- History and criticism --- Bloch, Ernest --- Schoenberg, Arnold, --- Shenberg, Arnolʹd, --- Schönberg, Arnold, --- Schenberg, A. --- Shenberg, A. --- שנברג, ארנולד --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Bloch, Ernest, --- Bloch, Ernst, --- Schönberg, Arnold --- 20th century politics. --- case studies. --- classical music. --- essentialist assumptions. --- ethnic groups. --- formidable challenge. --- jewish identities. --- jewish identity. --- jewish music. --- jewish nationalism. --- modernist art. --- paradigmatic nationalist. --- racial theories. --- religious communities. --- russian jewish composer. --- swiss american. --- utopian tendencies.
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In this comprehensive work, John S. Wilkins traces the history of the idea of "species" from antiquity to today, providing a new perspective on the relationship between philosophical and biological approaches.--[book cover].
Species --- Speciation (Biology) --- Biology --- Genetics --- Hybridization --- Organisms --- History. --- Philosophy. --- History.. --- aristotle. --- biological approach. --- biological species. --- biologists. --- biology. --- contemporary definition. --- darwin. --- definitions. --- ecology. --- encyclopedic. --- epicurus. --- essentialist. --- evolution. --- evolutionary biology. --- important concepts. --- life sciences. --- middle ages. --- natural history. --- natural sciences. --- nonfiction. --- philosophy and science. --- plato. --- science history. --- science majors. --- scientific concept. --- species and reproduction. --- species concepts. --- species. --- systematics. --- textbooks. --- History --- Philosophy --- Natural history - general (Australia) --- Biological sciences (Australia)
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