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The equation of state was developed for ideal gases & proved central to the development of early molecular & atomic physics. This book is an account of the equation of state & its applications in theoretical physics, chemistry & engineering.

Equations of state. --- Equation of state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Properties

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A discussion of the different types of hypersonic wind tunnels, with their capabilities and limitations is provided. The method used for the duplication of the conditions encountered during the reentry is highlighted in the specific case of the measurement of the aerodynamic parameters. A special attention is then given to the Galileo probe mission and the future mission to the Icy Giants. In order to increase the simulation capabilities of the Longshot wind tunnel, different gases are proposed to duplicate the conditions encountered during an atmospheric entry. Hydrogen, argon, oxygen, air, methane and a mixture equation of state are presented. The thermodynamic results are compared to the reference data provided by the Nist or the experimental measurements. These equations of state are accurate on a large temperatures and pressures range. The mixture equation is tested for several concentration of oxygen and nitrogen with the same type of error in all the cases. Hydrogen safety recommendations highlight the flammability and detonability hazard of this gas. The second risk of this gas is linked to the embrittlement this gas causes in several materials. Health hazards are limited to the general asphyxiant risks. A series of simulations using hydrogen as test gas is performed inside a L1D program that simulate the behaviour of the gas inside the Longshot. The behaviour of hydrogen differs from nitrogen. The velocity of the shock wave, the maximum temperature and the maximum pressure are higher in the case of hydrogen, while the compression due to the passage of the shock is far lower than when using nitrogen. New initial conditions should be designed for a pertinent use of hydrogen inside the Longshot.

atmospheric reentry --- Longshot wind tunnel --- Hydrogen --- Mixture equation of state --- Icy Giants --- Ingénierie, informatique & technologie > Ingénierie aérospatiale

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This important book presents a unified formulation from first principles of the Hamiltonian and statistical mechanics of metallic and insulating crystals, amorphous solids, and liquids. Extensive comparison of theory and experiment provides an accurate understanding of the statistical properties of phonons, electrons, and phonon - phonon and electron - phonon interactions in elemental crystals and liquids. Questions are posed along the following lines: What is the "best" theory for a given property? How accurate is a good theory? What information is gained by a comparison of theory and experiment? How accurate is a good experiment?

Equations of state. --- Crystals --- Liquids --- Statistical physics. --- Physics --- Mathematical statistics --- Fluids --- Permeability --- Polywater --- Crystallography --- Powders --- Solids --- Equation of state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Statistical methods. --- Statistical methods --- Properties --- Equations of state --- Crystals - Statistical methods --- Liquids - Statistical methods --- Statistical physics --- Equations d'état --- Physique statistique

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In the processes studied in contemporary physics one encounters the most diverse conditions: temperatures ranging from absolute zero to those found in the cores of stars, and densities ranging from those of gases to densities tens of times larger than those of a solid body. Accordingly, the solution of many problems of modern physics requires an increasingly large volume of information about the propertiesofmatterundervariousconditions,includingextremeones. Atthesame time, there is a demand for an increasing accuracy of these data, due to the fact thatthereliabilityandcomputationalsubstantiationofmanyuniquetechnological devices and physical installations depends on them. The relatively simple models ordinarily described in courses on theoretical physics are not applicable when we wish to describe the properties of matter in a su?ciently wide range of temperatures and densities. On the other hand, expe- ments aimed at generating data on properties of matter under extreme conditions usually face considerably technical di?culties and in a number of instances are exceedingly expensive. It is precisely for these reasons that it is important to - velop and re?ne in a systematic manner quantum-statistical models and methods for calculating properties of matter, and to compare computational results with data acquired through observations and experiments. At this time, the literature addressing these issues appears to be insu?cient. If one is concerned with opacity, which determines the radiative heat conductivity of matter at high temperatures, then one can mention, for example, the books of D. A. Frank-Kamenetskii [67], R. D. Cowan [49], and also the relatively recently published book by D.

Quantum statistics. --- High temperature plasmas. --- Equations of state. --- Plasma density. --- Density, Plasma --- Plasma (Ionized gases) --- Equation of state --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Hot plasmas --- Plasmas, High temperature --- Gases at high temperatures --- Quantum statistical mechanics --- Matrix mechanics --- Statistical mechanics --- Wave mechanics --- Properties --- Physics. --- Condensed matter. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Solids

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The book edition of the Universe Special Issue “Compact Stars in the QCD Phase Diagram” is devoted to the overarching aspects shared between heavy-ion collisions and compact star astrophysics in investigating the hadron-to-quark matter phase transition in the equation of state of strongly interacting matter in different regions of the phase diagram of QCD. It comprises 22 review and research articles that, together, will serve as a useful guide in educating both young and senior scientists in this emerging field that represents an intersection of the communities of strongly interacting matter theory, heavy-ion collision physics and compact star astrophysics.

Gamma-ray bursts --- collective flow --- vector interaction --- quarks --- meson production --- ? meson condensation --- neutrino --- magnetic DCDW --- pulsars --- light cluster emission --- monte carlo simulations --- neutron stars --- chiral symmetry --- GW170817 --- stellar structure --- supernova explosions --- maximum mass --- mass-radius relation --- nuclear equation of state --- in-medium effects --- Beth-Uhlenbeck equation of state --- speed of sound --- gravitational waves --- relativistic heavy-ion collisions --- crystalline structure --- neutron star --- finite density --- transport theory --- stellar evolution --- neutron star matter --- hadronic matter --- general relativity --- critical point --- ? resonances --- QCD matter --- modified excluded-volume mechanism --- cold-dense QCD --- quark stars --- quark-hole pairing --- finite size --- mass-twin stars --- pasta phases --- hybrid stars --- cluster virial expansion --- finite temperature --- quark-hadron phase transition --- hadron–quark continuity --- stellar magnetic field --- strangeness --- quark-gluon plasma --- pulsars: PSR J0737 ? 3039A --- pulsars: general --- combustion --- Mott dissociation --- hybrid compact stars --- quark deconfinement --- quark matter --- Gravitational waves --- pulsars: PSR J1757 ? 1854 --- neutrino emissivities --- directed flow --- star oscillations --- quark-hadron matter --- QCD phase diagram --- phase transition --- equation of state --- nuclear matter --- nuclear symmetry energy --- hydrodynamics --- deconfinement --- stars: neutron --- axion QED --- Quantum Chromodynamics --- dense matter --- heavy-ion collisions