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In many cases, the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development can be generally depicted by an inverted U-shaped curve, or an environmental Kuznets curve, where pollution increases with income at the beginning and decreases after a certain level of income. However, what determine the shape of an enviornmental Kuznets curve, such as the height and the turning point of the curve, have not been thoroughly studied. A good understanding of the determinants is vitally important to the development community, especially for the developing world, where income growth is a high priority and yet environmental pollution also needs to be carefully controlled. This study analyzes the impacts of economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation on the shape of the environmental Kuznets curve with a city-level panel dataset obtained from China. The results show that economic structure, development strategy and environmental regulation can all have important implications on the relationship between environmental environmental quality and economic development but the impacts can be different at different development stages.

Development Strategy --- Economic Structure --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Energy --- Environment --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Environmental Kuznets Curve --- Environmental Quality --- Green Issues --- Population Policies --- China

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This book focuses on empirical analyses of the Environmental Kuznets Curve. Most papers apply their research on CO2 emissions. The papers in this Special Issue seek to improve modeling techniques to prevent econometrical flaws (e.g., by adding additional explanatory variables and/or moving away from linear regression models) and apply their models to specific countries or groups of countries.

productivity changes --- technical efficiency --- energy industry --- DEA-based Malmquist productivity index --- European Union --- Environmental Kuznets Curve --- carbon dioxide emissions --- environmental degradation --- financial development --- energy use --- institutional quality --- institutional development --- human capital --- CO2 emissions --- co-integration analysis --- pollution-income --- Environmental Kunzets Curve --- education --- income-inequality --- Europe --- panel data --- clustering --- carbon tax --- price elasticity --- translog cost function --- energy and carbon performance --- environmental kuznets curve --- kink regression model --- G7 countries --- EKC estimation --- CO2 emissions prediction --- neural networks --- radial basis function neural network --- renewable energy consumption --- n/a

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The advent of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, brings about both opportunities and challenges that are likely to set developed economies even farther apart from emerging economies. This book, through the perspective of researchers in the emerging markets, presents analyses on a number of issues important to entrepreneurial finance, such as debt financing, mergers and acquisitions, stock market efficiency, resource allocation and consumption, and sustainable development. It aims at improving our understanding of the financing needs as well as the financial risks involved in entrepreneurial endeavors in less developed settings in the new era.

Economics, finance, business & management --- competition --- wage --- net income per employee --- firm performance --- productivity --- Vietnam --- listed company --- adaptive market hypothesis --- market efficiency --- autocorrelation --- M&amp --- A --- wealth effects --- propensity score matching --- emerging markets --- environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) --- Industry 4.0 --- information and communications technology (ICT) --- wave of environmentalism --- energy intensive industry --- income elasticity of CO2 --- U-shaped relationship --- entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurial finance --- English training --- entrepreneurial opportunities --- edtech --- finance performance --- computational entrepreneurship --- sustainable development --- competition --- wage --- net income per employee --- firm performance --- productivity --- Vietnam --- listed company --- adaptive market hypothesis --- market efficiency --- autocorrelation --- M&amp --- A --- wealth effects --- propensity score matching --- emerging markets --- environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) --- Industry 4.0 --- information and communications technology (ICT) --- wave of environmentalism --- energy intensive industry --- income elasticity of CO2 --- U-shaped relationship --- entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurial finance --- English training --- entrepreneurial opportunities --- edtech --- finance performance --- computational entrepreneurship --- sustainable development

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In the last two decades, we have witnessed the evolution of the energy sector. Many countries throughout the world have been shifting their energy production methods from fossil fuel use to more environmentally friendly methods. These methods are described by the term “Renewable Energy Methods” and entail the production of energy from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) based on wind, water, biomass, solar energy, and geothermal energy. This shift is mainly driven by the increase in public awareness of environmental problems and climate change, which are both related to the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The main goal of this Special Issue is to determine methodologies that can be applied in education in order to raise the awareness of students as well as their families about issues related to renewable sources and energy conservation. Furthermore, the authors studied the factors, parameters, and criteria that affect the decision-making involved in the selection of appropriate types of renewable energy sources in order to select the optimal form, both financially and environmentally. Finally, an attempt is made to recognize methods for communicating the usage of RES and energy savings to the public. Such communication methods are necessary because, in many communities, there are issues surrounding the acceptance of RES installation, as the public considers them to be factors of environmental degradation.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- renewable energy --- governance --- community energy --- citizens’ energy companies --- actor plurality --- acceptance --- energy transition --- auction scheme --- Germany --- Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) --- barriers --- sustainability --- multi-functionality --- proposal --- educative-communication approach --- sustainable agriculture --- negative externalities --- GHG emissions --- NARDL model --- Renewable Energy Enterprises --- Internet --- benchmark --- education for sustainable development --- environmental protection --- curriculum --- teacher --- renewable resources --- natural gas --- energy market --- customer satisfaction --- industrial customers --- multicriteria analysis --- Renewable energy sources --- energy poverty --- citizen attitudes --- Thessaloniki --- marine renewable energy --- co-existence --- co-location --- Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process --- multi-criteria analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve --- deforestation --- ARDL with bounds test --- willingness-to-invest --- energy investments --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- perceptions --- attitudes --- department of forestry --- environmental science --- university students --- decision-making --- education --- communication --- investments --- policy --- RES --- renewable energy --- governance --- community energy --- citizens’ energy companies --- actor plurality --- acceptance --- energy transition --- auction scheme --- Germany --- Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) --- barriers --- sustainability --- multi-functionality --- proposal --- educative-communication approach --- sustainable agriculture --- negative externalities --- GHG emissions --- NARDL model --- Renewable Energy Enterprises --- Internet --- benchmark --- education for sustainable development --- environmental protection --- curriculum --- teacher --- renewable resources --- natural gas --- energy market --- customer satisfaction --- industrial customers --- multicriteria analysis --- Renewable energy sources --- energy poverty --- citizen attitudes --- Thessaloniki --- marine renewable energy --- co-existence --- co-location --- Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process --- multi-criteria analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve --- deforestation --- ARDL with bounds test --- willingness-to-invest --- energy investments --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- perceptions --- attitudes --- department of forestry --- environmental science --- university students --- decision-making --- education --- communication --- investments --- policy --- RES

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• Reference Manager
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In the last two decades, we have witnessed the evolution of the energy sector. Many countries throughout the world have been shifting their energy production methods from fossil fuel use to more environmentally friendly methods. These methods are described by the term “Renewable Energy Methods” and entail the production of energy from Renewable Energy Sources (RES) based on wind, water, biomass, solar energy, and geothermal energy. This shift is mainly driven by the increase in public awareness of environmental problems and climate change, which are both related to the increase in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The main goal of this Special Issue is to determine methodologies that can be applied in education in order to raise the awareness of students as well as their families about issues related to renewable sources and energy conservation. Furthermore, the authors studied the factors, parameters, and criteria that affect the decision-making involved in the selection of appropriate types of renewable energy sources in order to select the optimal form, both financially and environmentally. Finally, an attempt is made to recognize methods for communicating the usage of RES and energy savings to the public. Such communication methods are necessary because, in many communities, there are issues surrounding the acceptance of RES installation, as the public considers them to be factors of environmental degradation.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- renewable energy --- governance --- community energy --- citizens’ energy companies --- actor plurality --- acceptance --- energy transition --- auction scheme --- Germany --- Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) --- barriers --- sustainability --- multi-functionality --- proposal --- educative-communication approach --- sustainable agriculture --- negative externalities --- GHG emissions --- NARDL model --- Renewable Energy Enterprises --- Internet --- benchmark --- education for sustainable development --- environmental protection --- curriculum --- teacher --- renewable resources --- natural gas --- energy market --- customer satisfaction --- industrial customers --- multicriteria analysis --- Renewable energy sources --- energy poverty --- citizen attitudes --- Thessaloniki --- marine renewable energy --- co-existence --- co-location --- Dempster Shafer Analytic Hierarchy Process --- multi-criteria analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve --- deforestation --- ARDL with bounds test --- willingness-to-invest --- energy investments --- renewable energy sources (RES) --- perceptions --- attitudes --- department of forestry --- environmental science --- university students --- decision-making --- education --- communication --- investments --- policy --- RES