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An impartial and shrewd observer here takes a close look at the major producers of today's most sought-after commodities. Mr. Mikdashi deals with the ever-shifting pattern of cooperation and antagonism between transnational enterprises (companies owned by corporations in developed countries and active in more than one nation) and their host governments, especially those in the developing world. Comparing operations in various countries and in various industries, he describes how governments and transnationals work, together and separately, to exploit market opportunities.Petroleum, copper, iron, sulfur, uranium, bauxite, and tin-these are among the resources he examines. He illuminates the policies, strategies, and relationships of the protagonists under different market and environmental conditions, discussing the relations among the governments themselves and the alliances they have formed (such as OPEC and CIPEC). Finally he offers suggestions for cooperative action that could both serve the needs of the less developed areas and promote international harmony.Practical in approach and original in concept, the book clarifies complex contemporary problems and points the way toward solving them.

Environmental History.

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This book presents the diversity of Dinosaur tracks found in Mesozoic basins in Brazil and brings it in a paleoenvironmental context. Each chapter includes information about the geology of the site, the distribution of the footprints, their diversity as well as a paleontological interpretation. The book provides information about the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic aspects of the Mesozoic. All chapters contain a geological map, images of the footprints and dinosaur tracks and a reconstruction of the environment in which the tracks were found. The book is aimed at geoscientists and paleontologists, including researchers which focus on evolution subjects.

Paleontology. --- Geology. --- Human ecology --- Environmental History. --- History.

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The objective of entangled history and the environment is to introduce climatic and other environmental factors into the postcolonial debate on the unequal power relations between the metropolis and its colonies. Dealing with both environment and empire, as well as unequal (colonial) power relations, has so far largely occurred in separate fields, environmental history, and postcolonial studies. The book attempts to bring the two strands together and to combine the conceptual perspective of intertwined history and comparative practices in order to highlight both material and constructed (or discursive) aspects of the environment as a factor in the formation of unequal (colonial) power relations. Two case studies are conducted through this conceptual lens. The first offers a new perspective on Christopher Columbus' first contact with the Arawak in Hispaniola in 1492. The second examines how climate became an argument for enslaving Africans and displacing them to sugar plantations in the Caribbean.

Environmental history; postcolonial studies; climate; the Caribbean; entangled history

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The volume includes a significant part of the findings of an interdisciplinary and international research project on disasters that occurred in the territories under the Bourbon monarchies between the 18th and early 19th centuries. It is composed of twelve essays that explore the strategies and practices by which institutions and societies sought to manage, mitigate and prevent the catastrophic effects of eruptions, earthquakes, floods, famine and epidemics. The articles address several territories, that are geographically distant and widely different from each other – from the western Mediterranean to Central and South America – between the Age of Enlightenment and the Age of Revolutions. Although these areas were ruled by members of the same dynasty, the political and administrative structures and legal systems were different, and the emergency management strategies were dissimilar too. The project involved three research groups, based in European and Latin American universities, coordinated by Jean-Philippe Luis, Armando Alberola and Domenico Cecere. The volume is dedicated to the memory of Jean-Philippe Luis. Il libro è il primo risultato di un progetto di ricerca interdisciplinare e internazionale sui disastri di origine naturale verificatisi nei territori governati dalle monarchie borboniche tra il XVIII secolo e l’inizio del XIX. I dodici saggi che lo compongono esplorano le strategie e le pratiche attraverso cui istituzioni e società cercarono di gestire, mitigare e prevenire gli effetti catastrofici di eruzioni, terremoti, inondazioni, carestie ed epidemie, in territori geograficamente lontani e diversi tra loro – dal Mediterraneo occidentale all’America centrale e meridionale – tra l’età dei Lumi e quella delle Rivoluzioni. Sebbene queste aree fossero governate da membri della stessa dinastia, l’organizzazione politico-amministrativa e i sistemi giuridici erano differenti e diverse erano anche le strategie di gestione dell’emergenza. Il progetto ha coinvolto tre gruppi di ricerca, incardinati in Università europee e ispano-americane, coordinati da Jean-Philippe Luis, Armando Alberola e Domenico Cecere. Il volume è dedicato alla memoria di Jean-Philippe Luis.

Disasters, Environmental History, emergency management, 18th Century, Bourbon Monarchies

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In this collection of essays, A.A. den Otter explores the meaning of the concepts "civilizing" and "wilderness" within an 1850s Euro-British North American context. At the time, den Otter argues, these concepts meant something quite different than they do today. Through careful readings and researches of a variety of lesser known individuals and events, den Otter teases out the striking dichotomy between "civilizing" and "wilderness," leading readers to a new understanding of the relationship between newcomers and Native peoples, and the very lands they inhabited. Historians and non-specialists with an interest in western Canadian native, settler, and environmental-economic history will be deeply rewarded by reading Civilizing the Wilderness.

Northwest, Canadian --- Northwest, Canadian --- History --- Canadian History. --- Environmental History.