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The advent of the fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0, brings about both opportunities and challenges that are likely to set developed economies even farther apart from emerging economies. This book, through the perspective of researchers in the emerging markets, presents analyses on a number of issues important to entrepreneurial finance, such as debt financing, mergers and acquisitions, stock market efficiency, resource allocation and consumption, and sustainable development. It aims at improving our understanding of the financing needs as well as the financial risks involved in entrepreneurial endeavors in less developed settings in the new era.

Economics, finance, business & management --- competition --- wage --- net income per employee --- firm performance --- productivity --- Vietnam --- listed company --- adaptive market hypothesis --- market efficiency --- autocorrelation --- M&amp --- A --- wealth effects --- propensity score matching --- emerging markets --- environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) --- Industry 4.0 --- information and communications technology (ICT) --- wave of environmentalism --- energy intensive industry --- income elasticity of CO2 --- U-shaped relationship --- entrepreneurship --- entrepreneurial finance --- English training --- entrepreneurial opportunities --- edtech --- finance performance --- computational entrepreneurship --- sustainable development

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Energy consumption and economic growth have been of great interest to researchers and policy-makers. Knowing the actual causal relationship between energy and the economy with respect to environmental degradation has important implications for modeling environmental and growth policies. The eleven chapters included herein aim to help researchers, academicians, and especially decision-makers to understand relevant issues and adopt appropriate methods to tackle and solve relevant environmental problems. Various methods from different disciplines are proposed and applied to various environmental and energy issues.

expected utility maximization --- decoupling theory --- urban utility tunnel --- sensitivity analysis --- environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) --- economic systems --- structural decomposition analysis --- thermodynamic cycles --- sustainable wind energy management --- environmental engineering --- energy commodities --- hedging strategies --- energy consumption --- industrialization --- energy --- waste --- Analytic Hierarchy Process --- panel data --- rank reversal --- economy --- industrial CO2 emission --- sustainability --- sustainable development --- energy-related carbon emissions --- Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis --- Shapley value --- Kaya identity --- circular economy --- minimum-variance hedge ratio --- MESSAGE model --- fixed assets investment --- life cycle cost --- Analytic Network Process --- environmental efficiency --- Pakistan --- data envelopment analysis --- embodied energy --- carbon emissions --- district distributed power plants --- economic benefit evaluation --- differential GMM estimation --- linearization --- effectiveness --- dynamic hybrid input–output model --- environment quality cointegration --- cost allocation --- risk aversion --- environment --- 3E --- financial development --- LMDI approach --- differential games --- energy recovery --- resource dependence theory --- open-loop control systems --- Tapio decoupling model --- uncertain dynamic systems