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This dissertation explores the epidemiology and imaging of Necrotising Enterocolitis (NEC), a severe intestinal inflammation affecting premature and vulnerable neonates. The work investigates the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of NEC in Sweden from 1987 to 2009, highlighting variations in incidence rates and associations with maternal and perinatal factors. The study emphasizes the role of imaging in diagnosing and managing NEC, discussing its limitations and the need for further research. Intended for medical professionals and researchers, the dissertation aims to enhance understanding of NEC's complex etiology and improve neonatal care practices.

Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing. --- Epidemiology.

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Enterocolitis, Neonatal necrotizing --- Newborn infants --- Respiratory distress syndrome --- Diseases

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Emerging from the protective environment of the uterus, the newborn is exposed to a myriad of microbes, and quickly establishes a complex microbiome that shapes the infant’s biology in ways that are only now beginning to come to light. Among these exposures are a number of potential pathogens. The host responses to these pathogens in the neonatal period are unique, reflecting a developing immune system even with delivery at term. Preterm infants are delivered at a time when host defense mechanisms are even less developed and therefore face additional risk. As such, the organisms that cause disease in this period are different from the pathogens that are common in other age groups, or the disease they cause manifests in more severe fashion. Developmental alterations in both innate and adaptive immune responses in neonates have been documented among many cell types and pathways over the last several decades. Contemporary insights into the human immune system and methodologies that allow an “omics” approach to these questions have continued to provide new information regarding the mechanisms that underlie the human neonate as an “immunocompromised host.” This Research Topic highlights studies related to this unique host-pathogen interface. Contributions include those related to the innate or adaptive immune system of neonates, their response to microbial colonization or infection, and/or the pathogenesis of microbes causing disease in neonates.

Infection --- Neonate --- Candida --- Sepsis --- Necrotizing enterocolitis --- Vaccine --- Immunity --- Microbiome

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Hierin bespreekt men de diagnostiek, behandeling en nazorg van de chirurgische aandoeningen die in de kinderleeftijd het meest voorkomen, alsook enkele speciële kinderchirurgische problemen. Het boek wil een leidraad zijn bij met name de diagnostiek en nazorg van een kind met een chirurgische klacht. Door deze klachtgerichte aanpak is het boek een bruikbaar hulpmiddel voor het dagelijks handelen van medici die werkzaam zijn op het brede terrein van de kindergeneeskunde.

Kinderchirurgie --- 605.8 --- chirurgie --- kinderchirurgie --- Chirurgie --- Kindergeneeskunde --- 605.2 --- andrologie --- endocrinologie --- gastro-enterologie --- geneeskunde --- gezondheidszorg --- kind en ziekenhuis --- kinderen --- neonatologie --- pediatrie --- 616.053.2 --- Hirschsprungziekte --- acute buik --- appendicitis --- balanitis --- cyste --- darmobstructie --- fimosis (phimosis) --- fistel --- gastro-oesofagale reflux (regurgitatie) --- hernia diaphragmatica --- hernia inguinalis (liesbreuk) --- hernia --- lymfadenitis --- necrotiserende enterocolitis (NEC) --- rectumprolaps --- torticollis --- chirurgie, urologie, transplantaties, traumatologie --- Pédiatrie --- Kindergeneeskunde - Pediatrie --- Surgery

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Studies focusing on the perinatal period face unique challenges, yet research in this area is extremely important, as this period of life is highly delicate and adverse events might have a long-lasting impact. With the advent of powerful high-resolution and high-throughput analytical methods, researchers have started to successfully develop and implement novel approaches in this area. New insights have great potential to be translated into novel diagnostic tools, as well as alternative preventive and treatment approaches. This book collects a series of timely review and original research articles focusing on metabolomic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the perinatal period.We would like to thank all involved authors for their high-quality contributions and their commitment to the publication of this work and hope that this book will be a useful resource for students, scientists, and doctors working in this specific area of application.

Medicine --- glutathione --- glutamate --- oxidative stress --- hypoxia ischemia --- endotoxin --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- N-acetylcysteine --- vitamin D --- neonatal HIE --- MRS --- preterm birth --- sex differences --- male disadvantage --- female advantage --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- retinopathy of prematurity --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- intraventricular hemorrhage --- periventricular leukomalacia --- mortality --- transposition of the great arteries --- balloon atrial septostomy --- hypoxemia --- metabolomics --- newborn --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) --- allopurinol --- hypothermia --- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy --- oxidative damage --- donor milk --- treatment --- Holder pasteurization --- breastmilk --- preterm --- antioxidant capacity --- asphyxia neonatorum --- non-invasive diagnostics --- saliva --- neonatal hypoxia–ischemia --- kynurenic acid (KYNA) --- neuroprotection --- hyperoxia --- prematurity --- n/a --- neonatal hypoxia-ischemia