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Die Errichtung leistungsfähiger Infrastruktur erfordert sorgfältige und nachhaltige Planung, sowohl in wirtschaftlicher als auch rechtlicher Hinsicht. Nicht zuletzt durch die jüngsten politischen Weichenstellungen im Zuge der Energiewende ist diesen Aspekten große Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet worden. Diese aktuellen Entwicklungen nimmt das Werk zum Anlass, einen praxisorientierten Überblick über die rechtlichen Anforderungen der Netzplanung und des Netzausbaus zu bieten. Dabei stehen die jüngsten legislativen Initiativen im Energiesektor (EnWG, NABEG, EnLAG) im Vordergrund. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt liegt daher auf den "neuen" Instrumenten der energiewirtschaftsrechtlichen Bundesbedarfsplanung und der sich daran anschließenden Bundesfachplanung. Eingehend behandelt werden aber auch die allgemeinen fachplanungsrechtlichen Voraussetzungen für die Planfeststellung konkreter Leitungsvorhaben, die besonderen umweltrechtlichen Anforderungen, die raumordnungsrechtlichen Zusammenhänge sowie die jeweiligen unionsrechtlichen Hintergründe. Damit bietet das Werk für den Rechtsanwender einen vollständigen Überblick über die relevanten Rechtsfragen der Netzplanung und des Netzausbaus, beginnend mit der Bundesbedarfsplanung und endend mit den Fragen der Planumsetzung. Ein umfangreicher Rechtsschutzteil, der die vielschichtigen Konstellationen der einzelnen Planungsstufen vertiefend analysiert und die sich dabei stellenden Fragen praxisgerecht aufarbeitet, rundet das Werk ab. Die Beteiligung von Wissenschaft und Praxis (Professoren, Rechtsanwälte, Unternehmensjuristen, Richter und Mitarbeiter von Behörden) unter den Herausgebern und Autoren gewährleistet die fundierte juristische Erfassung sowie eine anwendungsorientierte Darstellung der rechtlichen Zusammenhänge mit einem besonderen Schwerpunkt auf den sich in der Rechtspraxis stellenden Herausforderungen. Hiervon profitiert der Rechtsanwender in besonderem Maße.

Electric power systems --- Law and legislation. --- Energy supply/law.

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energy supply chain --- energy systems integration --- multi-vector energy systems --- energy infrastructure --- energy networks

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Uses of main primary energy resources, such as coal, oil, and solid biomass, are directly linked with adverse impacts on human health. Air pollution emitted from various activities in the energy supply chains is the main risk factor to human health, along with accidental and occupational risk exposures. Estimates of premature deaths are over four million per year for ambient air pollution (2015) and household or indoor air pollution (2012). More than 80 percent of the mortality from ambient air pollution emitted from the energy supply chains occurs in developing countries. The impact of household air pollution, mainly from traditional biomass used for cooking and space heating, disproportionately falls on women and children under age five years. Acute respiratory infections, mainly caused by household air pollution, are one of the largest categories of deaths (64 percent) of children under age five years in developing countries. These statistics indicate the deep nexus between the energy supply chain and human health. Yet, the negative implications for human health from energy use often receive inadequate consideration. It is critically important to take account of these human health impacts in developing energy supply plans and energy policies in developing countries.

Ambient Air Pollution --- Energy And Health --- Energy Supply Chain --- Health Impacts Of Energy --- Household Air Pollution

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The Palestinian Territories face significant energy security challenges, already severe in Gaza, but also emerging in the West Bank.The Palestinian Territories rely primarily on Israeli imports to meet its electricity needs.The only large scale generation capacity in the Palestinian Territories is the troubled Gaza Power Plant.The Palestinian electricity sector has undergone a number of institutional reforms, which still require further consolidation.Measures to improve energy efficiency can also make a valuable contribution to energy security going forward. Palestine's existing National Energy Efficiency Action Plan aims to make savings equivalent to one percentage point of energy consumption annually through to 2020, focusing primarily on reducing electricity consumption by improving the energy efficiency of residential buildings. A much more ambitious action plan is under consideration by the Palestinian Energy and National Resources Authority for 2020-2030, and aims to save 5 percent of the energy consumption anticipated during that period. The new strategy encompasses high impact energy efficient appliances (such as heaters, fridges and air conditioners), further tightening of efficiency standards for buildings, and smart grid infrastructure to allow consumers to participate in the energy market as demand response. Investments to improve energy efficiency are proven to be much more cost-effective than expanding power generation capacity.

Electric Power --- Electricity --- Energy --- Energy Demand --- Energy Finance --- Energy Policies & Economics --- Energy Supply --- Renewable Energy --- Solar Energy

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This paper sheds light on an implicit dimension of the climate policy debate: the extent to which supply-side response (emission-reducing energy technologies) may substitute for the transformation of consumption behavior and thus help get around the political difficulties surrounding such behavioral transformation. The paper performs a meta-review of long-term energy forecasts since the end of the 1960s in order to put in perspective the controversies around technological optimism about the potential for cheap, large-scale, carbon-free energy production. This retrospective analysis encompasses 116 scenarios conducted over 36 years and analyzes their predictions for a) fossil fuels, b) nuclear energy, and c) renewable energy. The analysis demonstrates how the predicted relative shares of these three types of energy have evolved since 1970, for two cases: a) predicted shares in 2010, which shows how the initial outlooks for the 2000-2010 period have been revised as a function of observed trends; and b) predicted shares for t+30, which shows how these revisions have affected medium-term prospects. The analysis shows a decrease, since 1970, in technological optimism about switching away from fossil fuels; this decrease is unsurprisingly correlated with a decline in modelers' beliefs in the suitability of nuclear energy. But, after a trend of increasing optimism, a declining trend also characterizes renewable energies in the 1980s and 1990s before a slight revival of technological optimism about renewables in the aftermath of Kyoto.

Biomass --- Climate change --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Climate change Policy --- Coal --- Emission --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Energy production --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Energy sources --- Energy supply --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Fossil --- Fossil fuels --- Free energy --- Gas --- Generation --- Nuclear energy --- Oil --- Primary energy --- Primary energy supply --- Renewable energies --- Renewable energy --- Wind