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Concrete is the most widely utilized construction material in the world. Thus, any action intended to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry must consider the supply chain, production, distribution demolition and eventual disposal, landfilling or recycling of this composite material. High-performance concrete may be one of the most effective options to make the construction sector more sustainable. Experience proves that the use of recycled concrete aggregates, as well as the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with other supplementary cementitious materials or alternative binders, are generally accepted as the most realistic solutions to reduce the environmental impacts, leading to sufficiently high mechanical performances. In structural applications such as those concerning the seismic and energy retrofitting of existing buildings, the use of high-performance cementitious composites often represents the more cost-effective solution, which allows us to minimize the costs of the intervention and the environmental impact. Eventually, the challenge of enhancing sustainability by raising durability of concrete structures is particularly relevant in those applications where maintenance is particularly expensive and impactful, in terms of both direct intervention costs and indirect costs deriving from downtime. The present Special Issue aims at providing readers with the most recent research results on the aforementioned subjects and further foster a collaboration between the scientific community and the industrial sector on a common commitment towards sustainable concrete constructions.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- recycled concrete aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- durability --- freeze-thaw cycles --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- recycled concrete --- recycled aggregate --- shrinkage --- slags --- cement replacement --- existing beams --- retrofitting method --- environmental assessment --- fly ash --- moment-curvature relationship --- precast elements --- basalt --- concrete properties --- recycled natural basalt --- recycled concrete powder --- seismic retrofitting --- multilayer coating --- Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar --- energy performance of buildings --- point thermal bridges --- thermal behavior in summer --- case study --- prestressed concrete --- prestress losses --- bridges --- flexural strength --- shear strength --- drying and autogenous shrinkage --- creep --- sustainability --- shear bond --- UHPFRC --- push-off test --- tensile bond strength --- concrete overlay --- strengthening --- existing infrastructures --- digital microscopy --- surface roughness --- mortars --- MSWI bottom ash --- pozzolanic activity --- supplementary cementing materials --- water-retaining structures --- aggressive environment --- recycled concrete aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- durability --- freeze-thaw cycles --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- recycled concrete --- recycled aggregate --- shrinkage --- slags --- cement replacement --- existing beams --- retrofitting method --- environmental assessment --- fly ash --- moment-curvature relationship --- precast elements --- basalt --- concrete properties --- recycled natural basalt --- recycled concrete powder --- seismic retrofitting --- multilayer coating --- Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar --- energy performance of buildings --- point thermal bridges --- thermal behavior in summer --- case study --- prestressed concrete --- prestress losses --- bridges --- flexural strength --- shear strength --- drying and autogenous shrinkage --- creep --- sustainability --- shear bond --- UHPFRC --- push-off test --- tensile bond strength --- concrete overlay --- strengthening --- existing infrastructures --- digital microscopy --- surface roughness --- mortars --- MSWI bottom ash --- pozzolanic activity --- supplementary cementing materials --- water-retaining structures --- aggressive environment

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Concrete is the most widely utilized construction material in the world. Thus, any action intended to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry must consider the supply chain, production, distribution demolition and eventual disposal, landfilling or recycling of this composite material. High-performance concrete may be one of the most effective options to make the construction sector more sustainable. Experience proves that the use of recycled concrete aggregates, as well as the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with other supplementary cementitious materials or alternative binders, are generally accepted as the most realistic solutions to reduce the environmental impacts, leading to sufficiently high mechanical performances. In structural applications such as those concerning the seismic and energy retrofitting of existing buildings, the use of high-performance cementitious composites often represents the more cost-effective solution, which allows us to minimize the costs of the intervention and the environmental impact. Eventually, the challenge of enhancing sustainability by raising durability of concrete structures is particularly relevant in those applications where maintenance is particularly expensive and impactful, in terms of both direct intervention costs and indirect costs deriving from downtime. The present Special Issue aims at providing readers with the most recent research results on the aforementioned subjects and further foster a collaboration between the scientific community and the industrial sector on a common commitment towards sustainable concrete constructions.

recycled concrete aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- durability --- freeze-thaw cycles --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- recycled concrete --- recycled aggregate --- shrinkage --- slags --- cement replacement --- existing beams --- retrofitting method --- environmental assessment --- fly ash --- moment–curvature relationship --- precast elements --- basalt --- concrete properties --- recycled natural basalt --- recycled concrete powder --- seismic retrofitting --- multilayer coating --- Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar --- energy performance of buildings --- point thermal bridges --- thermal behavior in summer --- case study --- prestressed concrete --- prestress losses --- bridges --- flexural strength --- shear strength --- drying and autogenous shrinkage --- creep --- sustainability --- shear bond --- UHPFRC --- push-off test --- tensile bond strength --- concrete overlay --- strengthening --- existing infrastructures --- digital microscopy --- surface roughness --- mortars --- MSWI bottom ash --- pozzolanic activity --- supplementary cementing materials --- water-retaining structures --- aggressive environment --- n/a --- moment-curvature relationship

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This Special Issue “Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Smart Buildings” addresses the relevant role of buildings as strategic instruments to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the overall energy system. This role of the built environment is not yet fully developed and exploited and the book content contributes to increasing the general awareness of achievable benefits. In particular, different topics are discussed, such as optimal control, innovative efficient technologies, methodological approaches, and country analysis about energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential of the built environment. The Special Issue offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments worldwide.

Research & information: general --- real-time optimal control --- system coefficient of performance --- event-driven optimal control --- building energy efficiency --- heat wheel --- direct expansion cooling --- ventilation system --- energy consumption --- load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control --- SVM method --- building HVAC system --- time delay effect --- optimal control strategy --- phase change material --- hysteresis --- simulations --- EnergyPlus --- thermal energy storage --- green roofs --- buildings --- air conditioning --- energy efficiency --- mediterranean area --- building energy consumption --- building load forecasting --- rough set theory --- thermal improved of buildings --- single-family house --- detached house --- energy renovation --- deep retrofit --- power demand --- electric heating --- ground-source heat pump --- hybrid energy system --- microgrid --- military applications --- renewable energy --- remote areas --- electricity --- HVAC --- demand forecasting --- flexibility --- office building --- Smart Grid --- fault correction --- fault detection and diagnostics --- building operation --- field testing --- nZEB, BIPV --- room ventilation --- dynamic thermal insulation --- multi-parametric model --- energy optimization --- steady-state control --- building energy control system --- comfort and engineering --- buidling simulation (EnergyPlus and MATLAB) --- long-term thermal energy storage --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- thermochemical energy storage --- liquid sorption storage --- power-to-heat --- seasonal energy flexibility --- seasonal load shifting --- virtual battery effect --- design-time optimization --- cost modeling and simulation --- cyber-physical system --- electrical energy system --- sustainable energy planning --- sustainable power planning --- design space exploration --- SystemC-AMS --- window frames --- numerical analysis --- hot box --- sensitivity analysis --- demand flexibility --- control system --- optimization --- resiliency --- smart buildings --- distributed energy resources --- model predictive control --- data-driven model --- artificial neural network --- physical building model --- energy flexibility --- urban scale --- building energy simulation --- regression --- building archetypes --- energy performance of buildings --- solar passive systems --- low energy buildings --- smart districts --- smart grids --- smart readiness indicator --- energy performance of buildings directive --- load shifting --- demand response --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- BIPV --- hidden coloured BIPV module --- BIPV integration --- photovoltaic --- PV --- real-time optimal control --- system coefficient of performance --- event-driven optimal control --- building energy efficiency --- heat wheel --- direct expansion cooling --- ventilation system --- energy consumption --- load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control --- SVM method --- building HVAC system --- time delay effect --- optimal control strategy --- phase change material --- hysteresis --- simulations --- EnergyPlus --- thermal energy storage --- green roofs --- buildings --- air conditioning --- energy efficiency --- mediterranean area --- building energy consumption --- building load forecasting --- rough set theory --- thermal improved of buildings --- single-family house --- detached house --- energy renovation --- deep retrofit --- power demand --- electric heating --- ground-source heat pump --- hybrid energy system --- microgrid --- military applications --- renewable energy --- remote areas --- electricity --- HVAC --- demand forecasting --- flexibility --- office building --- Smart Grid --- fault correction --- fault detection and diagnostics --- building operation --- field testing --- nZEB, BIPV --- room ventilation --- dynamic thermal insulation --- multi-parametric model --- energy optimization --- steady-state control --- building energy control system --- comfort and engineering --- buidling simulation (EnergyPlus and MATLAB) --- long-term thermal energy storage --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- thermochemical energy storage --- liquid sorption storage --- power-to-heat --- seasonal energy flexibility --- seasonal load shifting --- virtual battery effect --- design-time optimization --- cost modeling and simulation --- cyber-physical system --- electrical energy system --- sustainable energy planning --- sustainable power planning --- design space exploration --- SystemC-AMS --- window frames --- numerical analysis --- hot box --- sensitivity analysis --- demand flexibility --- control system --- optimization --- resiliency --- smart buildings --- distributed energy resources --- model predictive control --- data-driven model --- artificial neural network --- physical building model --- energy flexibility --- urban scale --- building energy simulation --- regression --- building archetypes --- energy performance of buildings --- solar passive systems --- low energy buildings --- smart districts --- smart grids --- smart readiness indicator --- energy performance of buildings directive --- load shifting --- demand response --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- BIPV --- hidden coloured BIPV module --- BIPV integration --- photovoltaic --- PV

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This Special Issue “Evaluation of Energy Efficiency and Flexibility in Smart Buildings” addresses the relevant role of buildings as strategic instruments to improve the efficiency and flexibility of the overall energy system. This role of the built environment is not yet fully developed and exploited and the book content contributes to increasing the general awareness of achievable benefits. In particular, different topics are discussed, such as optimal control, innovative efficient technologies, methodological approaches, and country analysis about energy efficiency and energy flexibility potential of the built environment. The Special Issue offers valuable insights into the most recent research developments worldwide.

real-time optimal control --- system coefficient of performance --- event-driven optimal control --- building energy efficiency --- heat wheel --- direct expansion cooling --- ventilation system --- energy consumption --- load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control --- SVM method --- building HVAC system --- time delay effect --- optimal control strategy --- phase change material --- hysteresis --- simulations --- EnergyPlus --- thermal energy storage --- green roofs --- buildings --- air conditioning --- energy efficiency --- mediterranean area --- building energy consumption --- building load forecasting --- rough set theory --- thermal improved of buildings --- single-family house --- detached house --- energy renovation --- deep retrofit --- power demand --- electric heating --- ground-source heat pump --- hybrid energy system --- microgrid --- military applications --- renewable energy --- remote areas --- electricity --- HVAC --- demand forecasting --- flexibility --- office building --- Smart Grid --- fault correction --- fault detection and diagnostics --- building operation --- field testing --- nZEB, BIPV --- room ventilation --- dynamic thermal insulation --- multi-parametric model --- energy optimization --- steady-state control --- building energy control system --- comfort and engineering --- buidling simulation (EnergyPlus and MATLAB) --- long-term thermal energy storage --- seasonal thermal energy storage --- thermochemical energy storage --- liquid sorption storage --- power-to-heat --- seasonal energy flexibility --- seasonal load shifting --- virtual battery effect --- design-time optimization --- cost modeling and simulation --- cyber-physical system --- electrical energy system --- sustainable energy planning --- sustainable power planning --- design space exploration --- SystemC-AMS --- window frames --- numerical analysis --- hot box --- sensitivity analysis --- demand flexibility --- control system --- optimization --- resiliency --- smart buildings --- distributed energy resources --- model predictive control --- data-driven model --- artificial neural network --- physical building model --- energy flexibility --- urban scale --- building energy simulation --- regression --- building archetypes --- energy performance of buildings --- solar passive systems --- low energy buildings --- smart districts --- smart grids --- smart readiness indicator --- energy performance of buildings directive --- load shifting --- demand response --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- BIPV --- hidden coloured BIPV module --- BIPV integration --- photovoltaic --- PV

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This Special Issue aims at providing the state-of-the-art on procedures and methodologies developed to improve energy and environmental performance through building renovation. We are greatly thankful to our colleagues building physics experts, building technology researchers, and urban environment scholars who contributed to this Special Issue, for sharing their original works in the field.

Technology: general issues --- CFD --- enclosed building --- wind environment --- group layout --- Hangzhou --- China --- indoor air quality --- IAQ --- enthalpy --- humidity --- thermal comfort --- TC --- dissatisfaction --- panel tests --- nearly zero energy building --- NZEB --- indoor environmental quality --- IEQ --- indoor air quality models --- sustainable building --- multi-criteria decision analysis --- MCDM --- MADM --- user dissatisfaction --- weights system --- building comfort --- PD --- Residential users --- Demand Response --- Flexible loads --- Dwellings clustering --- building-integrated photovoltaics—BIPV --- building heritage --- energy efficiency --- traditional materials --- resilience --- urban regeneration --- adapting to change --- climate performance --- innovative technologies --- smoke --- natural exhaust --- mechanical exhaust --- smoke curtain --- fire dynamics simulator --- drying --- heat and moisture transfer --- hygro-thermal behavior --- masonry walls --- wet wall --- in situ monitoring --- energy benchmarking --- university campus --- energy performance certificate --- CIBSE TM46 --- thermal energy efficiency --- dynamic model --- energy performance of buildings --- low temperature district heating --- indoor comfort --- renovation --- urban scale --- energy requalification --- building envelope --- sustainable development and planning --- standardized interventions of requalification --- Geographic Information System --- biometric data --- biosignals --- non-intrusive sensing --- physiological metrics --- environmental stimuli --- stress detection --- health --- comfort --- human thermal perception --- multi-domain interactions --- noise sensation --- cross-modal perception --- n/a --- building-integrated photovoltaics-BIPV --- Lake Mungo / Walls of China (Willandra SW NSW SI54-08)