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Electronics and optics of solids --- Narrow gap semiconductors --- -Gapless semiconductors --- Zero gap semiconductors --- Energy gap (Physics) --- Semiconductors --- Congresses --- -Congresses --- Gapless semiconductors --- Solid-state

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Since the discovery in 1986 of high temperature superconductors by J. G. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, a considerable progress has been made and several important scientific problems have emerged. Within this NATO Advanced Study Institute our intention was to focus mainly on the controversial topic of the symmetry of the superconducting gap and given the very short coherence length, the role of fluctuations. The Institute on ‘The Gap Symmetry and Fluctuations in High- Superconductors’ took place in the “Institut d’Etudes Scientifiques de Cargèse” in Corsica, France, between 1 - 13 September 1997. The 110 participantsfrom 18 countries (yet 30 nationalities) including 23 full time lecturers, have spent two memorable weeks in this charming Mediterranean resort. All lecturers were asked to prepare pedagogical papers to clearly present the central physical idea behind specific model or experiment. The better understanding of physics of high temperature superconductivity is certainly needed to guide the development of applications of these materials in high and weak current devices.

Energy gap (Physics) -- Congresses. --- Fluctuations (Physics) -- Congresses. --- High-temperature superconductors -- Congresses. --- High temperature superconductors --- Energy gap (Physics) --- High-temperature superconductors --- Physics. --- Solid state physics. --- Spectroscopy. --- Microscopy. --- Electrical engineering. --- Solid State Physics. --- Spectroscopy and Microscopy. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Fluctuations (Physics) --- Electron configuration --- Congresses --- Computer engineering. --- Electric engineering --- Engineering --- Analysis, Microscopic --- Light microscopy --- Micrographic analysis --- Microscope and microscopy --- Microscopic analysis --- Optical microscopy --- Optics --- Analysis, Spectrum --- Spectra --- Spectrochemical analysis --- Spectrochemistry --- Spectrometry --- Spectroscopy --- Chemistry, Analytic --- Interferometry --- Radiation --- Wave-motion, Theory of --- Absorption spectra --- Light --- Spectroscope --- Physics --- Solids --- Qualitative --- Analytical chemistry --- Spectrum analysis.

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This Special Issue reprint aims to collect new or improved ideas to exploit superconducting materials, as well as graphene, towards achieving innovative devices, either at a small scale, as well as at a large scale. Several potential applications of graphene are enhanced by the possibility to modify its surface to introduce a non-zero bandgap, to tune adhesion and/or hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, etc. These surface properties are crucial to the realization of graphene-based devices. Papers demonstrating graphene and/or superconducting devices, device processing, characterization, and applications, are particularly welcomed. Topics in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to: Graphene devices Graphene based heterostructures Superconducting interfaces Superconducting devices Electronic, optical, photonic and magnetic properties Surface and interfacial characterization techniques Device integration and fabrication

Technology: general issues --- GFET --- RF --- access region --- superconducting devices --- photodetectors --- nanostructured materials --- nanostructured and microstructured superconductors --- high temperature superconductors --- bolometers --- quantum electronics --- noise spectroscopy --- granular aluminum oxide --- superconducting nanowires --- current-resistance effects --- iron-based superconductors --- nanowires --- single-photon detectors --- superconductivity --- transport properties --- energy gap --- superconducting order parameter --- proximity effect --- nano-junction --- Andreev reflection --- chemical --- vapor deposition --- graphene oxide --- transition-metal dichalcogenides --- WS2 --- perfect graphene (p-Gr) --- defective graphene (d-Gr) --- Gr/Si slab --- diffusion barrier --- CI-NEB calculation --- GFET --- RF --- access region --- superconducting devices --- photodetectors --- nanostructured materials --- nanostructured and microstructured superconductors --- high temperature superconductors --- bolometers --- quantum electronics --- noise spectroscopy --- granular aluminum oxide --- superconducting nanowires --- current-resistance effects --- iron-based superconductors --- nanowires --- single-photon detectors --- superconductivity --- transport properties --- energy gap --- superconducting order parameter --- proximity effect --- nano-junction --- Andreev reflection --- chemical --- vapor deposition --- graphene oxide --- transition-metal dichalcogenides --- WS2 --- perfect graphene (p-Gr) --- defective graphene (d-Gr) --- Gr/Si slab --- diffusion barrier --- CI-NEB calculation

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Narrow gap semiconductors obey the general rules of semiconductor science, but often exhibit extreme features of these rules because of the same properties that produce their narrow gaps. Consequently, these materials provide sensitive tests of theory, and the opportunity for the design of innovative devices. For example, narrow gap semiconductors are the most important materials for the preparation of advanced modern infrared systems. In this book, the authors offer clear descriptions of crystal growth and the fundamental structure and properties of these unique materials. Topics covered include band structure, optical and transport properties, and lattice vibrations and spectra. Physics and Properties of Narrow Gap Semiconductors helps readers to understand semiconductor physics and related areas of materials science and how they relate to advanced opto-electronic devices.

Narrow gap semiconductors. --- Energy gap (Physics) --- Gap, Energy --- Energy-band theory of solids --- Photoconductivity --- Solids --- Gapless semiconductors --- Zero gap semiconductors --- Semiconductors --- Optical materials. --- Engineering. --- Surfaces (Physics). --- Classical Electrodynamics. --- Optical and Electronic Materials. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Engineering, general. --- Characterization and Evaluation of Materials. --- Physics --- Surface chemistry --- Surfaces (Technology) --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Optics --- Materials --- Optics. --- Electrodynamics. --- Electronic materials. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- Materials science. --- Material science --- Physical sciences --- New optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Electronic materials --- Dynamics --- Light

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This Special Issue reprint aims to collect new or improved ideas to exploit superconducting materials, as well as graphene, towards achieving innovative devices, either at a small scale, as well as at a large scale. Several potential applications of graphene are enhanced by the possibility to modify its surface to introduce a non-zero bandgap, to tune adhesion and/or hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, etc. These surface properties are crucial to the realization of graphene-based devices. Papers demonstrating graphene and/or superconducting devices, device processing, characterization, and applications, are particularly welcomed. Topics in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to: Graphene devices Graphene based heterostructures Superconducting interfaces Superconducting devices Electronic, optical, photonic and magnetic properties Surface and interfacial characterization techniques Device integration and fabrication

Technology: general issues --- GFET --- RF --- access region --- superconducting devices --- photodetectors --- nanostructured materials --- nanostructured and microstructured superconductors --- high temperature superconductors --- bolometers --- quantum electronics --- noise spectroscopy --- granular aluminum oxide --- superconducting nanowires --- current-resistance effects --- iron-based superconductors --- nanowires --- single-photon detectors --- superconductivity --- transport properties --- energy gap --- superconducting order parameter --- proximity effect --- nano-junction --- Andreev reflection --- chemical --- vapor deposition --- graphene oxide --- transition-metal dichalcogenides --- WS2 --- perfect graphene (p–Gr) --- defective graphene (d–Gr) --- Gr/Si slab --- diffusion barrier --- CI-NEB calculation --- n/a --- perfect graphene (p-Gr) --- defective graphene (d-Gr)