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India is one of the fastest growing major economies. However, at 14 percent of gross domestic product, its logistics costs are high relative to the 8 to 10 percent that is typical of most advanced economies. High logistics costs and poor logistics performance impact the competitiveness of the economy on multiple levels: (1) firms deliver less competitive goods and services; (2) consumers pay more than peers for goods; and (3) the cost of achieving improvements in gross domestic product is excessive. The development of a national transport and logistics network to facilitate competitiveness and sustainable development and uplift rural regions will play an increasingly important role in shaping spatial organization in emerging economies. An element that is absent, yet critically important for national logistics issues in emerging economies, is sufficiently detailed freight-flow analysis to facilitate targeted infrastructure investments and enable transformational change to improve national logistics performance. This paper presents the results of a disaggregated macroscopic freight demand analysis developed for India through a hybrid approach, calibrating the modeled input-output matrix and resulting freight flows with data where available. Data was obtained from multiple sources, such as agricultural statistics, national enterprise surveys, a financial performance database of Indian companies, population statistics, and transportation statistics from rail, inland waterways transport, highways, and portraits The model provides evidence for decision making on several levels. Aggregating freight flows enables planners to identify gaps in critical infrastructure and logistics chains. Disaggregated flows support decisions on the location of logistics clusters, maximizing the potential of multimodal transport systems, and designing the distribution and storage networks that underpin the economy.

Critical Infrastructure --- Development Policy --- Emerging Economies --- Emerging Economy --- Exchange Ideas --- Freight Demand --- Freight Flow --- Gross Domestic Product --- Inland Waterway Transport --- Logistics --- Logistics Network --- Logistics Performance --- Multimodal Transport System --- National Logistic --- Open Access --- Population Statistic --- Railroads Transport --- Traffic --- Transport --- Transportation Statistic

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The many and varied crises in the world economy since 2007 seem to have different origins and iverse manifestations. This paper contends that there is however a structural shift beneath the global economy that is now reaching a critical mass, and that accounts for many of these crises, despite the diversity of manifestations. This shift is occasioned by two kinds of technological changes-the familiar labor-saving and what is here called "labor-linking." The paper argues that these changes (1) create a short-term window of opportunity for eveloping and emerging economies, but (2) in the long run constitute a major, multilateral policy challenge for all. To meet this challenge, we have to think outside the box and conceive of innovative policies. The paper briefly speculates on what those policies might be.

Advanced Economies. --- Apartheid. --- Automation. --- Bargaining. --- Barrier. --- Basic. --- Bonds. --- Child Labor. --- Collective Action. --- Collective Bargaining. --- Commodity Prices. --- Commodity. --- Competition. --- Computer. --- Connectivity. --- Crises. --- Customers. --- Database. --- Debt Crisis. --- Debt Markets. --- Debt. --- Democracy. --- Deregulation. --- Developing Countries. --- Developing Economies. --- Digital Divide. --- Digital Technologies. --- Digital. --- Digvidend. --- Dividends. --- Drivers. --- Economic Crises. --- Economic Reforms. --- Economic Theory. --- Economics. --- Effects. --- Efficiency. --- Emerging Economy. --- Emerging Market Economies. --- Emerging Market. --- Emerging Markets. --- Emographic. --- Employment. --- Engineering. --- Evelopment Economics. --- Exchange. --- Female Labor Force. --- Female Labor. --- Finance and Financial Sector Development. --- Fiscal Policies. --- Foreign Capital. --- Foreign Direct Investment. --- Future. --- Global Economic Prospects. --- Global Economy. --- Global Market. --- Globalization. --- Growth Rate. --- Human Capital. --- Incentives. --- Income. --- Industrial Robots. --- Industry. --- Information Technology. --- Information. --- Innovation. --- Interest Rates. --- Interest. --- International Labour Organization. --- International Law. --- Internet. --- Investment. --- IT. --- Labor Demand. --- Labor Force Participation. --- Labor Force. --- Labor Market Policy. --- Labor Market. --- Labor Markets. --- Labor Policies. --- Labor Relations. --- Labor Standards. --- Labor. --- Laborers. --- Labour. --- Law. --- Liberalization. --- Macroeconomic Effects. --- Market Economies. --- Markets. --- Micro-Computers. --- Mini-Computers. --- Mobile Phone. --- New Technology. --- Organizations. --- Output Ratio. --- Output. --- Outsourcing. --- Policies. --- Political Economy. --- Price. --- Private Sector Development. --- Privatization. --- Productivity. --- Profit Motive. --- Profit Sharing. --- Profit. --- Rapid Growth. --- Red Tape. --- Rights. --- Risks. --- Robots. --- San. --- Saving. --- Self-Employed. --- Share. --- Shareholder. --- Skilled Labor. --- Skilled Workers. --- Social Protections and Labor. --- Sovereign Debt. --- Standards. --- Sustainable Development. --- System. --- Tax. --- Technological Advances. --- Technological Change. --- Technological Innovations. --- Technology Industry. --- Technology Sector. --- Technology. --- Theory. --- Trade. --- Turnover. --- Unemployment. --- Value. --- Volatility. --- Wages. --- World Development Indicators. --- World Economy.

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Globalization --- Mondialisation --- European Union countries --- Developing countries --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Pays en développement --- Foreign relations --- Relations extérieures --- International relations --- History --- BPB1207 --- Politique économique --- Politique extérieure --- Relation internationale --- Commerce international --- Nouveau pays industrialisé --- Nouvel ordre économique --- Union européenne --- #SBIB:327.7H233 --- Economisch beleid --- Buitenlands beleid --- Internationale betrekking --- Internationale handel --- Jong industrieland --- Nieuwe economische orde --- Europese unie --- Europese Unie: externe relaties, buitenlands- en defensiebeleid (ook WEU) --- Pays de l'Union européenne --- Pays en développement --- Relations extérieures --- EU countries --- Euroland --- Europe --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Foreign relations. --- Europese Unie --- Europska unija --- União Europeia --- Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση --- Európska únia --- Európai Unió --- Europäische Union --- Europos Sąjunga --- Evropská unie --- Европска унија --- Unjoni Ewropea --- Европейски съюз --- Europeiska unionen --- European Union --- Euroopan unioni --- Eiropas Savienība --- Unión Europea --- Evropska unija --- Unia Europejska --- Unione europea --- Uniunea Europeană --- Den Europæiske Union --- Европска Унија --- Euroopa Liit --- an tAontas Eorpach --- Bashkimi Europian --- Sąjungos institucija --- Sąjungos teisė --- právo Únie --- νόμος της Ένωσης --- Savienības tiesības --- wet van de Unie --- legge dell'Unione --- Europæisk Union --- unionslagstiftning --- atto dell'Unione --- AE --- loi de l'Union --- EU --- e drejta e Bashkimit --- ЕУ --- lege a Uniunii Europene --- Union law --- mednarodni odnosi --- rahvusvahelised suhted --- tarptautiniai santykiai --- internationella förbindelser --- mezinárodní vztahy --- nemzetközi kapcsolatok --- меѓународни односи --- marrëdhënie ndërkombëtare --- kansainväliset suhteet --- international relations --- relazioni internazionali --- међународни односи --- relazzjonijiet internazzjonali --- международни отношения --- relación internacional --- starptautiskās attiecības --- internationale relationer --- internationale betrekking --- internationale Beziehungen --- διεθνείς σχέσεις --- stosunki międzynarodowe --- medzinárodné vzťahy --- relações internacionais --- relații internaționale --- međunarodni odnosi --- internacionální styky --- államközi kapcsolatok --- internationale forbindelser --- starptautiski sakari --- mezinárodní styky --- zwischenstaatliche Beziehungen --- internationale anliggender --- ārpolitika --- vanjska politika --- política exterior --- utrikespolitik --- politica estera --- polityka zagraniczna --- 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relații externe --- relazioni esterne --- relaciones exteriores --- politique étrangère --- punë të jashtme --- attiecības ar ārvalstīm --- ārlietas --- zahraniční vztahy --- užsienio ryšiai --- välisasjad --- buitenlandse betrekkingen --- εξωτερικές υποθέσεις --- asuntos exteriores --- mezinárodní věci --- vzťahy so zahraničím --- ekstern politik --- vanjski poslovi --- foreign affairs --- udenrigsanliggender --- rapporti con l'estero --- ulkoasiat --- politika ekonomike --- økonomisk politik --- majanduspoliitika --- hospodárska politika --- hospodářská politika --- política económica --- икономическа политика --- polityka gospodarcza --- ekonomikas politika --- ekonomisk politik --- Wirtschaftspolitik --- gazdaságpolitika --- talouspolitiikka --- economisch beleid --- οικονομική πολιτική --- beartas eacnamaíoch --- politică economică --- politica economica --- politika ekonomika --- economic policy --- ekonomska politika --- економска политика --- ekonominė politika --- wirtschaftspolitische Leitlinien --- ekonomisk inriktning --- hospodářské rozhodování --- escolha económica --- opzione economica --- gazdaságpolitikai elképzelések --- ekonomický prístup --- gestión económica --- gazdasági megközelítés --- orientamento economico --- taloudellinen lähestymistapa --- majanduslik lähenemisviis --- ekonomisk kurs --- gazdaságpolitikai döntés --- економски пристап --- ekonomiskt val --- obiettivo economico --- economische keuze --- opțiune economică --- Globalsteuerung der Wirtschaft --- qasje ekonomike --- wirtschaftspolitische Entscheidung --- gazdaságpolitikai iránymutatás --- choix économique --- orientation économique --- ekonominis pasirinkimas --- decisione economica --- orientação económica --- ekonomiskā izvēle --- økonomisk kurs --- ekonomický přístup --- стопанска политика --- økonomisk valg --- opción económica --- ekonomická volba --- ekonomiskā pieeja --- wirtschaftliche Zielvorstellungen --- οικονομική επιλογή --- obiectiv economic --- ekonomická politika --- economische koers --- metody řízení národního hospodářství --- ekonomická voľba --- ekonomski pristup --- taloudellinen valinta --- majanduslik valik --- zgjedhje ekonomike --- scelta economica --- economic approach --- οικονομικός προσανατολισμός --- ekonominis požiūris --- gospodarska politika --- economic choice --- noua ordine economică --- new economic order --- novi gospodarski red --- novi ekonomski poredak --- rend i ri ekonomik --- nowy ład ekonomiczny --- νέα οικονομική τάξη πραγμάτων --- nieuwe economische orde --- uusi taloudellinen järjestys --- nuevo orden económico --- нов икономически ред --- nuovo ordine economico --- nový ekonomický poriadok --- nova ordem económica --- ordni ekonomiku ġdid --- új gazdasági rend --- nový ekonomický řád --- ny økonomisk verdensorden --- naujoji ekonominė tvarka --- uus majanduskord --- нов економски поредок --- jaunā ekonomiskā kārtība --- ny ekonomisk världsordning --- нови економски поредак --- neue Weltwirtschaftsordnung --- rend i ri ekonomik ndërkombëtar --- nový mezinárodní ekonomický řád --- novi gospodarski poredak --- nuovo ordine economico internazionale --- uus rahvusvaheline majanduskord --- new international economic order --- NOEI --- nový medzinárodný ekonomický poriadok --- nuevo orden económico internacional --- nova ordem económica internacional --- nieuwe internationale economische orde --- noua ordine economică internațională --- ny internationell ekonomisk världsordning --- új világgazdasági rend --- uusi kansainvälinen talousjärjestys --- jaunā starptautiskā ekonomiskā sistēma --- naujoji tarptautinė ekonominė tvarka --- νέα τάξη --- nouvel ordre économique international --- нов меѓународен економски систем --- νέα διεθνής οικονομική τάξη --- jong industrieland --- vend i industrializuar rishtazi --- новоиндустријализирана држава --- jaunās industriālās valstis --- novo industrializirana država --- tír nua-thionsclaithe --- novoindustrijalizirana zemlja --- țări nou industrializate --- paese neoindustrializzato --- vastateollistunut maa --- newly industrialised country --- Schwellenland --- kraje nowo uprzemysłowione --- novoindustrializovaná krajina --- nauja pramoninė valstybė --- pajjiżi industrijalizzati ġodda --- nově industrializovaná země --- novo país industrializado --- nuevo país industrializado --- nytt industriland --- νέες βιομηχανικές χώρες --- новоиндустријализована земља --- újonnan iparosodott ország --- uus tööstusriik --- ново индустриализирана държава --- nyt industriland --- țări în curs de industrializare --- priemyselne sa rozvíjajúca krajina --- pas geïndustrialiseerde landen --- economías emergentes --- emerging economy --- paese a nuova industrializzazione --- NIC --- esilekerkiv majandus --- nuovo paese industrializzato --- economii emergente și lidere de creștere --- nova economia industrializada --- naujosios pramoninės šalys --- newly industrializing country --- nuovi paesi industrializzati --- economia de industrialização recente --- pays nouvellement industrialisé --- economia di nuova industrializzazione --- ekonomija emerġenti --- νέες εκβιομηχανισμένες χώρες --- gospodarstvo v vzponu --- PNI --- NPI --- rozvíjajúca sa ekonomika --- geilleagar éiritheach --- nyligt industrialiseret økonomi --- vækstøkonomi --- besiformuojančios rinkos ekonomikos šalis --- TNT --- πρόσφατα εκβιομηχανισμένες χώρες --- pajjiż li qed jerġa' jindustrijalizza --- novoindustrijalizirane zemlje --- economie în curs de industrializare --- país de industrialização recente --- nieuw geïndustrialiseerd land --- tillväxtländer --- újonnan iparosodott országok --- economie EAGLE --- pajjiżi li qed jerġgħu jindustrijallizaw --- uued industriaalriigid --- jaunās tirgus ekonomikas valstis --- newly industrializing economy --- aufstrebende Volkswirtschaft --- priemyselne sa rozvíjajúce krajiny --- nove države v procesu industrializacije --- país recién industrializado --- nova država v procesu industrializacije --- newly industrialized country --- nově zprůmyslněná země --- emerging and growth-leading economies --- nové průmyslové země --- ekonomiji emerġenti u li qed imexxu t-tkabbir --- nové priemyselné krajiny --- économie nouvellement industrialisée --- economias emergentes e em crescimento --- nyindustrialiserede lande --- newly industrialising economy --- νεοβιομηχανικές χώρες --- NIC-länder --- principales economías emergentes y en crecimiento --- novoindustrializirane države --- paesi di nuova industrializzazione --- opkomende economie --- țară în curs de industrializare --- kraj nowo uprzemysłowiony --- neue Industrieländer --- tillväxtland --- novos países industrializados --- rozvíjející se ekonomika --- rastuća gospodarstva --- economia emergente --- nyindustrialiseret økonomi --- países recentemente industrializados --- economii EAGLE --- noi țări industrializate --- EAGLE --- nově industrializovaná ekonomika --- paese di recente industrializzazione --- ekonomija li qed terġa' tindustrijalizza --- gospodarstva v vzponu in najhitreje rastoča gospodarstva --- EAGLEs --- nya industriländer --- nuevos países industrializados --- economías de reciente industrialización --- ny vækstøkonomi --- priemyselne sa rozvíjajúca ekonomika --- opkomende groeimarkten --- nousevan talouden maat --- newly industrialising countries --- αναδυόμενη οικονομία --- vasta teollistuneet taloudet --- nye industrilande --- новоиндустриализиращи се страни --- gospodarka wschodząca --- naujai besivystančios pramonės šalys --- nieuwe industrielanden --- vend i industrializuar i ri --- neuer Industriestaat --- novo gospodarstvo v procesu industrializacije --- страна с развиваща се икономика --- novoindustrijalizirano gospodarstvo --- jaunietekmes ekonomika --- voimakkaasti kasvava talous --- nyligt industrialiserede lande --- économie émergente --- uusindustriaalmaad --- hiljuti tööstusriikideks saanud riigid --- nyligen industrialiserat land --- économies émergentes à forte croissance --- rozvíjajúce sa a rýchlo rastúce ekonomiky --- kehittyvä talous --- economie emergentă --- uudet teollisuusmaat --- international handel --- handel międzynarodowy --- tarptautinė prekyba --- starptautiskā tirdzniecība --- internationale handel --- comércio internacional --- меѓународна трговија --- međunarodna trgovina --- међународна трговина --- mednarodna trgovina --- internationaler Handel --- comerț internațional --- международна търговия --- mezinárodní obchod --- nemzetközi kereskedelem --- international trade --- kansainvälinen kauppa --- rahvusvaheline kaubandus --- commercio internazionale --- kummerċ internazzjonali --- tregti ndërkombëtare --- internationell handel --- διεθνές εμπόριο --- comercio internacional --- medzinárodný obchod --- sistema commerciale internazionale --- Camera di commercio internazionale --- διεθνείς εμπορικές συναλλαγές --- comércio mundial --- Welthandel --- comerț mondial --- tregti botërore --- maailmankauppa --- world trade --- comercio mundial --- παγκόσμιες εμπορικές συναλλαγές --- commerce mondial --- världshandel --- světový obchod --- commercio mondiale --- scambio internazionale --- verdenshandel --- maailmakaubandus --- svetový obchod --- pasaules tirdzniecība --- παγκόσμιο εμπόριο --- világkereskedelem --- wereldhandel --- pasaulinė prekyba --- svjetska trgovina --- trádáil idirnáisiúnta --- caidreamh idirnáisiúnta --- ord eacnamaíoch nua --- beartas eachtrach --- International relations - History - 21st century --- European Union countries - Foreign relations --- European Union countries - Foreign relations - Developing countries --- Developing countries - Foreign relations - European Union countries --- Union européenne --- Nouveau pays industrialisé --- Nouvel ordre économique --- Politique économique --- Politique extérieure --- Relations internationales --- 1989-.... --- Nouveaux pays industrialisés --- 1990-....