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In this work, a flexible biosensor platform based on impedance spectroscopy and comprising of gold electrodes, polymeric flow cells and a suitable surface modification were developed. Initially, several surface modification techniques described in literature were implemented and optimized for impedimetric biosensors but their individual limitations rendered them unsuitable for this biosensor platform. A novel method based on photobleaching was developed and tested showing satisfactory results.

Mikrofluidik --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- Oberflächenmodifikation --- Biosensor --- surface modification --- photobleaching --- PhotobleichungBiosensor --- microfluidics --- Elektrochemische Impedanzspektroscopie

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The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as electricity and heat producer of the future represents a key technology in the context of a climate-friendly energy supply. Research focuses on the improvement of the lifetime and cost reduction of the SOFC components. In this work, microstructural changes that occur during cell production and operation (aging process) are identified by multiscale examination methods.

Physics --- Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC) --- mehrskalige Charakterisierung --- Elektronenmikroskopie --- elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie --- solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) --- multi-scale characterization --- electron microscopy --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Introduction and Scope—During the last few decades, an enormous effort has been made to understand corrosion phenomena and their mechanisms, and to elucidate the causes that dramatically influence the service lifetime of metal materials. The performance of metal materials in aggressive environments is critical for a sustainable society. The failure of the material in service impacts the economy, the environment, health, and society. In this regard, corrosion-based economic losses due to maintenance, repair, and the replacement of existing structures and infrastructure account for up to 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in well developed countries. One of the biggest issues in corrosion engineering is estimating service lifetime. Corrosion prediction has become very difficult, as there is no direct correlation with service lifetime and experimental lab results, usually as a result of discrepancies between accelerated testing and real corrosion processes. It is of major interest to forecast the impact of corrosion-based losses on society and the global economy, since existing structures and infrastructure are becoming old, and crucial decisions now need to be made to replace them. On the other hand, environmental protocols seek to reduce greenhouse effects. Therefore, low emission policies, in force, establish regulations for the next generation of materials and technologies. Advanced technologies and emergent materials will enable us to get through the next century. Great advances are currently in progress for the development of corrosion-resistant metal materials for different sectors, such as energy, transport, construction, and health. This Special Issue on the corrosion and protection of metals is focused on current trends in corrosion science, engineering, and technology, ranging from fundamental to applied research, thus covering subjects related to corrosion mechanisms and modelling, protection and inhibition processes, and mitigation strategies.

high interstitial alloy --- molybdenum --- pitting corrosion --- passive film --- Cu-Mg alloy --- conform --- surface nanocrystallization --- corrosion resistance --- corrosion --- spring steel --- shot peening --- Mott–Schottky analysis --- point defect --- alloy --- magnesium --- SEM-EDS --- EIS --- mass loss --- corrosion layers --- duplex stainless steel --- intergranular corrosion --- stress corrosion cracking --- CPT --- DL-EPR --- aluminum --- heat exchanger --- galvanic corrosion --- simulation --- polarization --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- high velocity oxy fuel coatings --- iron aluminide --- titanium carbide --- atmospheric corrosion --- strain measurement --- mild steel --- corrosion product --- residual stress --- AC current density --- crystallographic texture --- intergranular and transgranular cracks --- brass --- CuZn36Pb2As --- CuZn21Si3P --- dezincification --- simulated drinking water --- long immersion --- mortar --- reinforcement --- lean duplex --- stainless steel --- chloride --- alkalinity --- microstructure --- anodic polarization --- ISO 9223 --- corrosivity categories --- predictive models --- archipelagic regions --- Canary Islands --- X70 steel --- stress corrosion cracking (SCC) --- slow strain rate tests (SSRT) --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- cathodic potentials --- Atmospheric corrosion --- corrosion rates --- exposure angle --- orientation angle --- carbon steel --- double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) --- sensitization --- ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) --- Inconel 718 --- n/a --- Mott-Schottky analysis

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Introduction and Scope—During the last few decades, an enormous effort has been made to understand corrosion phenomena and their mechanisms, and to elucidate the causes that dramatically influence the service lifetime of metal materials. The performance of metal materials in aggressive environments is critical for a sustainable society. The failure of the material in service impacts the economy, the environment, health, and society. In this regard, corrosion-based economic losses due to maintenance, repair, and the replacement of existing structures and infrastructure account for up to 4% of gross domestic product (GDP) in well developed countries. One of the biggest issues in corrosion engineering is estimating service lifetime. Corrosion prediction has become very difficult, as there is no direct correlation with service lifetime and experimental lab results, usually as a result of discrepancies between accelerated testing and real corrosion processes. It is of major interest to forecast the impact of corrosion-based losses on society and the global economy, since existing structures and infrastructure are becoming old, and crucial decisions now need to be made to replace them. On the other hand, environmental protocols seek to reduce greenhouse effects. Therefore, low emission policies, in force, establish regulations for the next generation of materials and technologies. Advanced technologies and emergent materials will enable us to get through the next century. Great advances are currently in progress for the development of corrosion-resistant metal materials for different sectors, such as energy, transport, construction, and health. This Special Issue on the corrosion and protection of metals is focused on current trends in corrosion science, engineering, and technology, ranging from fundamental to applied research, thus covering subjects related to corrosion mechanisms and modelling, protection and inhibition processes, and mitigation strategies.

History of engineering & technology --- high interstitial alloy --- molybdenum --- pitting corrosion --- passive film --- Cu-Mg alloy --- conform --- surface nanocrystallization --- corrosion resistance --- corrosion --- spring steel --- shot peening --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- point defect --- alloy --- magnesium --- SEM-EDS --- EIS --- mass loss --- corrosion layers --- duplex stainless steel --- intergranular corrosion --- stress corrosion cracking --- CPT --- DL-EPR --- aluminum --- heat exchanger --- galvanic corrosion --- simulation --- polarization --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- high velocity oxy fuel coatings --- iron aluminide --- titanium carbide --- atmospheric corrosion --- strain measurement --- mild steel --- corrosion product --- residual stress --- AC current density --- crystallographic texture --- intergranular and transgranular cracks --- brass --- CuZn36Pb2As --- CuZn21Si3P --- dezincification --- simulated drinking water --- long immersion --- mortar --- reinforcement --- lean duplex --- stainless steel --- chloride --- alkalinity --- microstructure --- anodic polarization --- ISO 9223 --- corrosivity categories --- predictive models --- archipelagic regions --- Canary Islands --- X70 steel --- stress corrosion cracking (SCC) --- slow strain rate tests (SSRT) --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) --- cathodic potentials --- Atmospheric corrosion --- corrosion rates --- exposure angle --- orientation angle --- carbon steel --- double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL−EPR) --- sensitization --- ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM) --- Inconel 718

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Nanostructured materials exploit physical phenomena and mechanisms that cannot be derived by simply scaling down the associated bulk structures and phenomena; furthermore, new quantum effects come into play in nanosystems. The exploitation of these emerging nanoscale interactions prompts the innovative design of nanomaterials. Understanding the behavior of materials on all length scales—from the nanostructure up to the macroscopic response—is a critical challenge for materials science. Modern analytical technologies based on synchrotron radiation (SR) allow for the non-destructive investigation of the chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of materials in any environment. SR facilities have developed revolutionary new ideas and experimental setups for characterizing nanomaterials, involving spectroscopy, diffraction, scatterings, microscopy, tomography, and all kinds of highly sophisticated combinations of such investigation techniques. This book is a collection of contributions addressing several aspects of synchrotron radiation as applied to the investigation of chemical, electronic, and magnetic structure of nanostructured materials. The results reported here provide not only an interesting and multidisciplinary overview of the chemicophysical investigations of nanostructured materials carried out by state-of-the-art SR-induced techniques, but also an exciting glance into the future perspectives of nanomaterial characterization methods.

binding energies --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- laser heating --- crystallization kinetics --- Ge(001)-2 --- supercapacitor materials --- in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy --- thermal expansion --- XPS --- self-assembling peptides --- multilayers --- magnetic annealing --- metallic glasses --- synchrotron radiation --- micro-mesoporous carbon electrode --- nuclear forward scattering --- NEXAFS --- synchrotron radiation induced spectroscopies --- bioactive materials --- nanostructures --- thin films --- cyclic voltammetry --- room temperature ionic liquids --- titanium alloy --- synchrotron pump-probe powder scattering --- thermal conductivity