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The northern Adriatic Sea is a particular water system, in which the levels of nutrients are commonly low or unbalanced. In general, phosphate detection can be done with the classical molybdenum-blue method. However, the method cannot be used in oligotrophic seawater samples due to its low sensitivity and high interference problems. In this study, we present a new electrochemical method, based on the application of a plastic conductive electrode containing a molybdenum reagent embedded. The sensitivity for phosphate was high enough to detect this nutrient in oligotrophic seawater.

Phosphate detection --- Oligotrophy --- Adriatic sea --- Plastic electrode --- Electrochemical detection --- Octamolybdate --- Phosphate detection --- Oligotrophy --- Adriatic sea --- Plastic electrode --- Electrochemical detection --- Octamolybdate

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The main objective of polymer materials scientists is to develop and design high performance polymer-based materials via the introduction of block copolymers, ionomers or inorganic-organic hybrids, in order to introduce functionalities such as mechanical reinforcement, gas barrier properties, fire retardancy, shape memory behavior or self-healing ability. In the last ten years, ionic liquids have demonstrated huge potential as new components within polymer-based materials, leading to a wide range of applications. Due to their many physical-chemical properties, as well as their various possible combinations, ionic liquids represent a new path to produce multifunctional materials.

ionic liquids --- thermosets --- Lithium salts --- electrolytes --- polyoxymethylene --- ionic liquid --- crystallization behavior --- nucleation --- polymerizable ionic liquid microemulsions --- poly(ionic liquid)s --- adsorption --- poly(ionic liquid) --- cross-linker --- electrochemical detection --- 4-nonylphenol --- poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) --- layered double hydroxide --- in-situ polymerization --- nanocomposite --- permeability --- biodegradable polymer --- IR spectroscopy --- silica --- high pressure --- microwave --- synthetic methods --- nanomaterials --- polymers --- humidity sensing --- free-ion concentration --- fast response and recovery --- respiratory rate monitoring --- PMMA --- plasticizer --- mechanical behavior --- crazing --- thermal behavior

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This book focuses on nanomaterials and strategies to fabricate the electrode for electrochemistry-based sensors. Excellent nanomaterials are essential for high-performance electrochemical sensors, while strategies for controllable assembly of nanomaterials on the electrode and the fabrication of sensing devices can be also important. This book covers the preparation of nanomaterials (magnesium phyllosilicate, metal–organic frameworks (MOF), and covalent–organic frameworks (COF), the fabrication of electrodes with unique several attracting properties (e.g., transparency) using carbon nanomaterials or novel nanotechnologies, and applications of electrochemical sensors.

Research & information: general --- Physics --- electrochemical biosensors --- self-assembly --- nanomaterials --- hybridization --- peptide --- streptavidin --- micro electrochemical sensor --- multi-analyte detection --- graphene oxide (GO) --- biofouling --- oxo functionalities --- copper cobalt sulfide --- porous structures --- nonenzymatic glucose sensing --- electrocatalysts --- analytical methods --- biosensors --- carbon materials --- electrochemical sensing --- H2O2 --- nanomaterial --- pH --- graphene --- graphene oxide --- defect --- surface functionalization --- SWCNT --- layer-by-layer --- transparent electrode --- DFTB --- DFT --- binding energies --- nanoprobe --- pathogen heat-treatment --- adenosine triphosphate luminescence --- graphene transparent electrode --- stretchable electrodes --- PDMS --- Ag --- contact point --- tunneling effect --- sol–gel processing --- talc-like clay --- amino-functionalized clay --- glassy carbon electrode --- Pb(II) detection --- water bioremediation --- covalent organic frameworks --- electrochemical sensor --- hydrazine --- nitrophenol --- nitrogen doped carbon --- reduced glutathione --- disposable immunosensor --- electrochemical detection --- nanochannel array --- patterned ITO electrode --- prostate-specific antigen --- n/a --- sol-gel processing

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Biosensor technologies have received a great amount of interest in recent decades, and this has especially been the case in recent years due to the health alert caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The sensor platform market has grown in recent decades, and the COVID-19 outbreak has led to an increase in the demand for home diagnostics and point-of-care systems. With the evolution of biosensor technology towards portable platforms with a lower cost on-site analysis and a rapid selective and sensitive response, a larger market has opened up for this technology. The evolution of biosensor systems has the opportunity to change classic analysis towards real-time and in situ detection systems, with platforms such as point-of-care and wearables as well as implantable sensors to decentralize chemical and biological analysis, thus reducing industrial and medical costs. This book is dedicated to all the research related to biosensor technologies. Reviews, perspective articles, and research articles in different biosensing areas such as wearable sensors, point-of-care platforms, and pathogen detection for biomedical applications as well as environmental monitoring will introduce the reader to these relevant topics. This book is aimed at scientists and professionals working in the field of biosensors and also provides essential knowledge for students who want to enter the field.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- Analytical chemistry --- biosensors --- interdigitated electrodes --- impedance spectroscopy --- blood analysis --- whole-cell biosensor --- yeast surface display --- cholesterol oxidase --- glucose dehydrogenase --- electrochemical detection --- fiber optic sensor --- vital signs --- biosensor --- human body --- body temperature --- heart rate --- respiratory rate --- blood pressure --- torso scanning --- antennas --- processing algorithms --- electromagnetic imaging --- polymerase chain reaction --- COVID-19 --- electrochemical --- digital PCR --- point-of-care --- electroanalysis --- indigo dyes --- fast identification --- fingerprints --- differential pulse voltammetry --- cystatin C --- molecularly imprinted polymer --- electrochemical biosensor --- polypyrene --- multiwall carbon nanotubes --- acute kidney injury --- biomonitoring --- personalized healthcare --- sweat --- rolling circle amplification --- environmental monitoring --- heavy metals --- organic molecules --- microorganisms --- biorecognition --- diagnosis --- pathogens --- aptamers --- antibodies --- peptides --- enzymes --- DNAzymes --- peptide nucleic acids --- blood glucose monitoring --- diabetes --- non-invasive sensor --- PDMS --- vascular phantom --- glucometer --- RF sensor --- CD4+ T helper cells --- microfluidic chip --- microbeads --- wide-field optical system --- ImageJ --- graphene --- reduced graphene oxide --- electrochemistry --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- DNA biosensor --- diazonium chemistry --- screen-printed electrodes --- DNA hybridization --- VOCs --- environmental --- packaging --- diagnostic --- pollution --- colorectal cancer --- KRAS --- lateral flow assay --- dipstick --- gold nanoparticles --- diagnostics --- multiplex --- point-of-care diagnostics --- REASSURED